Eating habits of elementary school students in Đakovo and the surrounding area

Prehrana je temelj zdravlja. Kako bi se učenik normalno razvijao potrebno je razviti pravilne prehrambene navike. To podrazumijeva raznoliku, umjerenu, uravnoteženu i redovitu prehranu. Unos količine hrane ovisi o dobi učenika, visini, težini i intenzitetu tjelesne aktivnosti. Kod unosa namirnica koje negativno utječu na zdravlje treba biti umjeren. Dnevni unos hrane treba podijeliti u 5 ili više manjih obroka. Preporučena su tri glavna obroka: doručak, ručak i večera, među kojima je doručak najvažniji obrok. Zatim, postoje i dva međuobroka: zajutrak i užina. Važan dio pravilne prehrane je i unos vode u organizam. Budući da voda sudjeluje u razgradnji hrane i da je ključ pravilne prehrane, potrebno je unositi ju u organizam u preporučenim količinima. Budući da se prehrambene navike razvijaju još od malih nogu potrebno ih je pravilno razvijati. Pri tome najveću ulogu imaju roditelji i obiteljsko okruženje te učitelji, odnosno odgojno-obrazovni sustav. Učenicima je potrebno objasniti zašto je toliko važna pravilna prehrana. Osim što se njome sprječava nastanak bolesti, pretilosti i slično, čovjek bolje funkcionira, a dokazano je da pravilne prehrambene navike utječu i na postizanje boljih rezultata. U sklopu rada provedeno je istraživanje o prehrambenim navikama učenika mlađe školske dobi u Đakovu i okolici. Instrument kojim su se prikupljali podatci je anketa. Anketiranje je provedeno na početku školske godine 2020./2021., na uzorku od 358 učenika gradskih (258) i seoskih škola (100). Rezultati su pokazali da postoje razlike u perhrambenim navikama između učenika gradskih i seoskih škola.Glavna je razlika u broju obroka i unosu tekućine u organizam. Naime učenici gradskih škola za 9% imaju više obroka u danu te za 10% unose više tekućine u organizam od učenika seoskih škola. Kod odabira namirnica uglavnom su podjednaki. Također, rezultati su pokazali kako učenici četvrtih razreda ipak nemaju bolje prehrambene navike od učenika drugih i trećih razreda.Učenici četvrtih razreda imaju 11% više obroka u danu od učenika drugih, a 28% više obroka od trećih razreda.Međutim, za 6% unose manje tekućine od učenika trećih razreda, te 7% manje od učenika drugih razreda. Kada je riječ o doručku, učenici svih razreda imaju dobre rezultate. No sa 93% učenika koji redovito doručkuju, učenici trećih i četvrtih razreda češće doručkuju za 6% od učenika drugih razreda. Po pitanju konzumacije određenih namirnica rezultati su podjednaki.Nutrition is the foundation of health. In order for a student to develop normally, it is necessary to develop proper eating habits. That includes a varied, moderate, balanced and regular diet. Food intake depends on the age, height, weight and intensity of physical activity of the student. Consuming food that has negative affect on health should be moderate. Daily food intake should be divided into 5 or more smaller meals. Three main meals are recommended: breakfast, lunch and dinner, among which breakfast is the most important meal. Then there are the two snacks. An important part of a proper diet is the intake of water in the body. Since water participates in the breakdown of food and is the key to proper nutrition, it is necessary to take it into the body in the recommended amounts. Since proper eating habits are still being developed in young children, they need to be developed properly. The biggest role is played by parents and the family environment, but well as by teachers and educational system. Students need to be explained why proper nutrition is so important. In addition to preventing the development of obesity, illnesses and so on, it functions better and it has been proven that proper eating habits also affect the achivement of better results. As part of the work, a research was conducted on the eating habits of younger school-age students in Đakovo and in the surroundings of Đakovo.The instrument used to collect the data was the questionnaire. The questionnaire was conducted at the beginning of the school year 2020/2021, on a sample of 358 students of urban (258) and rural schools (100). The results showed that there is difference between eating habits of students in urban and of rural schools. The main difference is in the number of meals and fluid intake. Namely, city school students have 9% more meals a day and 10% more fluid in the body that students of rural shools. When croosing foods they are mostly the same. Also, the results showed that fourth graders still do not have better eating habits than second and third graders. Fourth graders have 11% more meals a day than second graders, and 28% more meals than third graders. However, they ingest 6% less fluids than third graders and 7% less than second graders. When it comes to breakfast students of all grades have good results. But with 93% of students having breakfast regularly third and fourth graders eat breakfast 6% more often thand second graders. In terms of consumption of certain food the results are the same