INTERACTION BETWEEN INTERNEURON MODULATION AND OBESITY

Pretilost možemo definirati kao prekomjernu količinu masti u tijelu koja predstavlja globalni, socioekonomski i zdravstveni problem. Središnji živčani sustav, pretežno područje hipotalamusa, odgovorno za regulaciju homeostaze energije i hranjenja ima veliku odgovornost za patologiju pretilosti. Za regulaciju unosa hrane i homeostaze energije odgovorne su brojne anoreksigenične tvari poput leptina, inzulina i kolecistokinina koje koče hranjenje te oreksigenične tvari poput grelina i galanina koje potiču hranjenje. GABA, POMC, AGRP, neuropeptid Y predstavljaju interneurone koji imaju ključnu ulogu u razvoju pretilosti. Navedeni interneuroni moduliraju svoju električnu aktivnost kao odgovor na fluktuacije u razinama hormona, metabolita i živčanih signala. Današnja su istraživanja usmjerena na modulaciju navedenih interneurona koja ima ključnu ulogu u shvaćanju mehanizama razvoja pretilosti kao i jednu od mogućih terapija za njezino liječenje. Jedna od takvih metoda je duboka stimulacija mozga (DBS) koja predstavlja visoko djelotvornu terapiju za brojne neurološke poremećaje.Obesity can be defined as an excessive amount of body fat that represents a global, socioeconomic and health problem in the world. The central nervous system, predominantly the hypothalamus area which is responsible for regulation of energy homeostasis and feeding, has a great responsibility for the pathology of obesity. Important substances in regulation of food intake and energy homeostasis are anorexigenic substances such as leptin, insulin and cholecystokinin that inhibit feeding and orexigenic substances such as ghrelin, neuropeptide Y and galanin that promote feeding. GABA, POMC, AGRP, neuropeptide Y represent interneurons that play a key role in developing obesity. These interneurons modulate their electrical activity in response to fluctuations in levels of hormones, metabolites and nerve signals. Today's research focuses on interneuronal modulation that plays a key role in understanding obesity mechanisms as well as one of the possible therapies for treating it. One of those methods is a deep brain stimulation (DBS) that represents a highly effective therapy for numerous neurological disorders