NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT AND THE IMPORTANCE OF PHYSIOTHERAPIST IN THE PERINATAL PERIOD

Trudnoća ili graviditet je fiziološko stanje u reproduktivnom razdoblju žene a kao ishod se očekuje rađanje živog i zdravog djeteta. Fizioterapeut je redovit član medicinskog tima i ima značajnu ulogu u svakom tromjesečju prateći razvoj tjelesnih promjena trudnice te prema potrebi i prevenciji korigira iste. Perinatalni period započinje u 22. tjednu trudnoće, te se završava 7 dana tj. 168 sati nakon poroda. Perinatalno razdoblje značajno je prijelazno razdoblje gdje se biološki i socijalni status snažno isprepliću. Poznato je da majčina prehrana tijekom trudnoće velike je važnosti za zdravlje majke i djeteta. Za vrijeme trudnoće potrebno je povećati unose minerala i vitamina za razliku od prehrane prije trudnoće. Zbog prilagodbe držanja tijela u trudnoći dolazi do kompenzacija između segmenata tijela što dovodi do česte boli zbog koje je važna uloga fizioterapeuta kako bi proveo procjenu posturalnog tonusa. Također, promjene posturalne prilagodbe događaju se tijekom cijele trudnoće. Oporavak i pristup majci ovisi i na koji način se porod izveo. Razlikujemo vaginalni porođaj, vaginalni porođaj uz pomagala i carski rez. Postporođajna fizioterapija nakon carskog reza se dijeli na ranu i kasnu postoperativnu fizioterapiju.Pregnancy or gravidity is physiological state in reproductive period of a woman and as an outcome alive and healthy child is expected to be born. The physiotherapist is a regular member of the medical team and plays a significant role in each trimester following the development of physical changes in pregnant women and corrects them as needed and for prevention. The perinatal period commences at 22 completed weeks of pregnancy and ends seven days i.e. 168 hours after birth. The perinatal period is a significant transition period where biological and social status are strongly intertwined. It is known that the mother's diet during pregnancy is of great importance for the health of mother and child. During pregnancy it is necessary to increase the intake of minerals and vitamins as opposed to the diet before pregnancy. Due to the adjustment of posture in pregnancy, compensations occur between body segments leading to frequent pain which is why the role of the physiotherapist is important to conduct an assessment of postural tone. Also, changes in postural adjustment occur throughout whole pregnancy. Recovery and access to the mother also depends on how the birth was performed. We distinguish between vaginal delivery, vaginal delivery with aids and caesarean section. Postpartum physiotherapy after cesarean section is divided into early and late postoperative physiotherapy