IMPORTANCE OF DIET IN GOUT DISEASE

Giht (ulozi) je vrlo ĉesta metaboliĉka, reumatska bolest te jedan od artritisa kojemu je poznat uzrok nastanka. Giht se oĉituje nakupljanjem kristala urata (mokraćne kiseline) u tkiva i zglobove ĉime dolazi do hiperuricemije. Uĉestalost pojave gihta je prisutno u oko 1- 2 % odraslog stanovništva dok u SAD- u 4 % populacije ima dijagnosticiran giht. Ĉimbenici rizika poput tjelesne aktivnosti, pića (alkohol, sokovi), hrane bogate purinima i lijekovi su ĉimbenici koji mogu doprinijeti smanjenju rizika nastanka gihta. Spol igra nezaobilaznu ulogu u pojavi gihta. Kod muškaraca se ĉešće pojavljuje dok se kod ţena koncentracija mokraćne kiseline povećava ulaskom u menopauzu. Postoje 4 kliniĉka stadija gihta, a to su: asimptomatska hiperuricemija, akutni napad gihta, faza remisije i kroniĉni oblik gihta s prisutnim tofima. Ĉvorić (tof) je kristal urata koji se pojavljuje u slabije prokrvljenim tkivima kod gihta, najĉešće na hrskavici uške, zglobovima prstiju, laktovima, koljenu i Ahilovoj tetivi. Osobe oboljele od gihta vaţno je savjetovati i educirati o odreĊenom naĉinu ţivota koji ukljuĉuje odgovarajuću dijetu, a bitna stavka je i reguliranje tjelesne teţine i redovna fiziĉka aktivnost. Za sve osobe je bitan dnevni unosa vitamina i hranjivih tvari putem kvalitete prehrane kako bi se prevenirala odreĊena stanja ili poboljšalo opće stanje ĉovjeka. Preporuĉena dijeta kod osoba s gihtom treba sadrţavati visoki udio ugljikohidrata (40 % do 60 %), a manje od 30 % kalorija masti. Rano dijagnosticiranje gihta predstavlja veliki znaĉaj zbog pravovremenog lijeĉenja. Poznavanjem patofiziologije gihta sve više dolazi do uspješnije prevencije, uĉinkovitog lijeĉenja te kontrole bolesti. Fizioterapijska procjena predstavlja vaţnu ulogu prema kvalitetnom i uspješnom oporavku dok fizioterapijske vjeţbe pomaţu u povećanju samostalnosti, raspoloţenja, općeg zadovoljstva te smanjenju ili odrţavanju tjelesne teţine. Postupci samopomoći se temelje na kvalitetnoj edukaciji, društvenom uĉenju i kognitivno-bihevioralnoj metodi lijeĉenja.Gout is a very common metabolic, rheumatic disease and one of the arthritis for which the cause is known. Gout is manifested by accumulation of urate crystals (uric acid) in tissues and joints, leading to hyperuricemia. The incidence of gout is present in about 1-2% of the adult population, while in the US 4% of population is diagnosed with gout. Risk factors such as physical activity, beverages (alcohol, juices), purine-rich foods, and medications are factors that can help reduce the risk of gout. Gender plays an unavoidable role in the appearance of gout. It occurs more often in men, while in women the concentration of uric acid increases when menopause begins. There are 4 clinical stages of gout, and they are: asymptomatic hyperuricemia, acute gout attack, phase of remission and chronic form of gout with present tophi. A nodule (tof) is an urate crystal that occurs in the less circulated tissues, it appears most commonly on the cartilage of the ear, the knuckles, the elbows, the knee, and the Achilles tendon. It is important to advise and educate people with gout about a certain lifestyle that includes a proper diet, regulation of body weight and regular physical activity. For all population daily intake of vitamins and nutrients through the quality food is essential in order to prevent certain conditions or improve the general condition of a person. The recommended diet for people with gout should contain a high proportion of carbohydrates (40% to 60%) and less than 30% of calories in fat. Early diagnosis of gout is very mush important due to timely treatment. Knowledge of the pathophysiology of gout is increasingly leading to more successful prevention, effective treatment and control of the disease. Physiotherapy plays an important role in successful recovery, while physiotherapy exercises help increase independence, mood, general satisfaction and reduce or maintain body weight. Self-help procedures are based on quality education, social learning and cognitive-behavioral treatment