Correlation between risk factors and the needle stick injury incident with hospital staff

Uvod: Izloženost zdravstvenih djelatnika tjelesnim tekućinama bolesniku u procesu obavljanja radnih zadataka povećava rizik za infekciju HIV-om, hepatitisom B, hepatitisom C i drugim patogenim mikroorganizmima. Struktura zdravstvenih djelatnika koji su najčešće izloženi zaraznim bolestima putem ubodnih incidenata je: medicinske sestre i tehničari, liječnici, spremačice. Put prijenosa infekcije uključuje ozljede oštrim predmetima, prskanje bolesnikovih tjelesnih tekućina i ugrize. Cilj: Cilj ovog istraživanje je ispitati povezanost čimbenika rizika i ubodnog incidenta kod bolničkog osoblja. Metode : Provedeno je presječno istraživanje o pojavnosti i prijavi ubodnog incidenta kod zdravstvenih djelatnika u Klinici za psihijatriju Vrapče uz odobrenje etičkog povjerenstva. U istraživanje je uključeno 90 zdravstvenih djelatnika različitog stupnja obrazovanja i godina radnog iskustva. Ispitanici su upoznati sa svrhom istraživanja, te su potpisali informirani pristanaka za sudjelovanje. Rezultati: Analiza rezultata istraživanja upućuje da je 85% medicinskih sestara u svom radu izloženo bolesnikovoj krvi. Najčešće do ubodnog incidenta dolazi ubodom na šuplju iglu, kod 40% medicinskih sestara i tehničara, te kod 16,7% spremačica. Medicinske sestre i tehničari vađenje krvi u 21,6% i davanje injekcija u 49% slučajeva smatraju najčešćim razlogom ubodnog incidenta. Kod spremačica razlog ubodnog incidenta u 71,4% slučajeva je za vrijeme čišćenja. Glavnim uzrokom ubodnog incidenta, 49% medicinskih sestara i tehničara smatraju nepredvidivu reakciju bolesnika, dok su spremačice kao uzrok navele neodgovarajuće odlaganje otpada, njih 50%. Medicinske sestre i tehničari izjasnili su se da u 56,9% slučajeva ne prijavljuju ubodni incident, a spremačica u 12,5% slučajeva. Od ukupnog broja medicinskih sestra i tehničara koji su bili izloženi bolesnikovoj krvi, 25% navodi da im je ponuđeno testiranje na hepatitis B, a kod spremačica taj omjer je 6,7%. Rezultati istraživanja upućuju na povezanost čimbenika rizika s ubodnim incidentom, što je potvrđeno nul hipotezom ovog istraživanja. Zaključak: Potrebno je educirati bolničko osoblje o pridržavanju standardnih mjera zaštite, načinu rukovanja s novim tehnološkim pomagalima, pravilnom skladištenju otpada i pristupa bolesniku pri obavljanju zdravstvenih postupaka, kao i obaveznom prijavljivanju ubodnih incidenata.Introduction: Exposure of healthcare professionals to body fluids in the process of performing work tasks increases the risk of infection with HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C and other pathogenic microorganisms. The structure of health professionals who are most often exposed to infectious diseases through stabbing incidents are: nurses and technicians, doctors, cleaners. The route of transmission of infection includes injuries with sharp objects, spraying of the patient's body fluids, and bites. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the association between risk factors and stab incident in hospital staff. Methods: A cross-sectional study on the incidence and reporting of a stabbing incident was conducted by health professionals at the Vrapče Psychiatric Clinic with the approval of the ethics committee. The study included 90 health professionals of different levels of education and years of work experience. Respondents were introduced to the purpose of the research, and signed informed consents to participate. Results: The analysis of the research results indicates that 85% of nurses are exposed to the patient's blood in their work. The most common stabbing incident occurs with a hollow needle puncture, in 40% of nurses and technicians, and in 16.7% of cleaners. Nurses and technicians consider blood sampling in 21.6% and giving injections in 49% of cases to be the most common cause of a stabbing incident. In maids, the cause of the stabbing incident in 71.4% of cases is during cleaning. The main cause of the stabbing incident, 49% of nurses and technicians consider the unpredictable reaction of patients, while the cleaners cited inappropriate waste disposal as the cause, 50% of them. Nurses and technicians stated that in 56.9% of cases they do not report a stabbing incident, and a maid in 12.5% of cases. Of the total number of nurses and technicians who were exposed to the patient's blood, 25% stated that they were offered testing for hepatitis B, and among maids this ratio was 6.7%. The results of the study suggest an association of risk factors with the stab incident, which is confirmed by the null hypothesis of this study. Conclusion: It is necessary to educate hospital staff on compliance with standard protection measures, how to handle new technological aids, proper storage of waste and access to the patient when performing health procedures, as well as mandatory reporting of stabbing incidents