Violent crimes and their processing in the county courts of medieval Slavonia in the second half of the 14th century - legal framework, practice and examples

U radu se bavim problematikom nasilnih zločina na prostoru srednjovjekovne Slavonije koji predstavljaju na određeni način svakodnevicu i međuljudske odnose u kasnom srednjovjekovlju. Na temelju očuvanih srednjovjekovnih objavljenih izvora i relevantne znanstvene literature obrađuje se procesuiranje nasilnih radnji na županijskim pravosudnim razinama, odnosno županijskim sudovima. U radu su detaljno analizirani sadržaji izvora koji sežu u drugu polovicu 14. stoljeća. Posebno su analizirane i prikazane određene vrste nasilnih radnji poput nasilnog ometanja i zaposjedanja posjeda, nasilje nad imovinom u koje su ubrojene dvije kategorije nekretnine i pokretnine. Također u radu su prikazani slučajevi i vrste fizičkog nasilja, ponajviše slučajevi ranjavanja, otmica i ubojstava. Radom na izvorima uočene su i prikazane društvene skupine srednjovjekovne Slavonije koje su bile počinitelji nasilnih zločina. Zasebno poglavlje posvećeno je prikazivanju vrsta pravosudnih tijela na prostorima srednjovjekovnih slavonskih županija kako bi se shvatila pravosudna organizacija te sudska jurisdikcija istih. Kao važan element tijekom istraživanja počinjenog nasilnih djela vrlo je važnu ulogu imala istraga, te je zbog toga posebno poglavlje posvećeno vrstama istraga od kojih je također nekolicina pronađena tijekom rada na izvorima. Nakon što bi se istragom utvrdila krivica i odgovornost počinitelja donosile su se razne kazne. U tu svrhu u radu je prikazana na temelju tri konkretna slučaja smrtna kazna, kao najteži oblik kažnjavanja počinitelja nasilnih radnji.In this paper, I will deal with the issue of violent crimes in the area of medieval Slavonia, which in a way represent everyday life and interpersonal relations in the late Middle Ages. On the basis of preserved medieval published sources and relevant scientific literature, the processing of violent acts at the county judicial levels, ie county courts, is processed. The paper analyzes in detail the contents of sources dating back to the second half of the 14th century. In particular, certain types of violent acts were analyzed and presented, such as violent interference and possession of property, violence against property, which includes two categories of real estate and movable property. The paper also presents cases and types of physical violence, mostly cases of injuries, abductions and murders. Working on the sources, the social groups of medieval Slavonia that were the perpetrators of violent crimes were noticed and presented. A separate chapter is dedicated to the presentation of the types of judicial bodies in the medieval Slavonian counties in order to understand the judicial organization and judicial jurisdiction. As an important element during the investigation of violent acts, the investigation played a very important role, which is why a special chapter is dedicated to the types of investigations, several of which were also found during the work on the sources. After the investigation established the guilt and responsibility of the perpetrators, various penalties were passed. For this purpose, the paper presents the death penalty on the basis of three specific cases, as the most severe form of punishment for perpetrators of violent acts