Riskis of poisoning on merchant ships

Bilo koji brod može sadržavati različite količine opasnih materijala koje je potrebno pravilno identificirati, ukloniti i zbrinuti. Obično se zbog nedostatka odgovarajućih objekata za prihvat otpada i sredstava za sprječavanje životne opasnosti, obuke za radnike i suradnje vlasnika brodova u pružanju potrebne dokumentacije, brodska posada izlaže riziku od otrovanja. Vrlo često i sam brodski teret može biti otrovan. Otrovne tvari su one supstance koje uzrokuju smrt, ozljedu ili oštećenje organa, obično kemijskim reakcijama ili drugim djelovanjem na molekularnim razini, kada je organizam izložen dovoljnoj količini. U ovom radu analiziraju se one toksične tvari koje su predmet svakodnevnog korištenja brodske posade trgovačke mornarice, plinovi koji izazivaju otrovanje pri pretjeranom izlaganju te prodiranje otrova u organizam uvjetovano ubodima i ugrizima počevši od zmija, štakora, pauka, škorpiona pa sve do otrovnih morskih životinja. Zbog same činjenica da se pomorci svaki dan suočavaju s rizikom od otrovanja, potrebno je poduzeti određene mjere kako bi se reducirao taj rizik. Takve mjere prvenstveno se odnose na samu konstrukciju broda koja može osigurati prevenciju od opasnosti. No, jedna od bitnih mjera su i osobna sredstva za zaštitu pri radu kojima se ublažavaju efekti pri izlaganju toksičnim tvarima. Iako je propisano da drugi brodski časnik vodi evidenciju o brodskoj ljekarni te je zadužen za pružanje prve pomoći, zbog same činjenice da je on pojedinac kojemu to nije profesionalno zanimanje te radi same prirode poslovanja, nužno je da svi članovi posade budu prikladno educirani i osposobljeni za pružanje prve pomoći u situacijama opasnima po život. Također, neophodno je i konstantno obnavljanje stečenog znanja.Any ship can contain different amounts of hazardous materials that need to be properly identified, removed and disposed of. Usually, due to the lack of appropriate waste collection facilities and means to prevent life-threatening, training for workers and cooperation of shipowners in providing the necessary documentation, the ship's crew is exposed to the risk of poisoning. Very often the ship's cargo itself can be poisonous. Toxic substances are those substances that cause death, injury or damage to organs, usually by chemical reactions or other action at the molecular level, when the organism is exposed to a sufficient amount. This work analyzes those toxic substances that are the subject of daily use by the merchant navy crew, gases that cause poisoning when overexposed and the penetration of toxins into the body caused by stings and bites from snakes, rats, spiders, scorpions and poisonous from marine animals. Due to the fact that seafarers face a risk of poisoning every day, certain measures need to be taken to reduce that risk. Such measures primarily relate to the construction of the ship itself, which can ensure the prevention of danger. However, one of the important measures is personal protective equipment at work, which mitigates the effects of exposure to toxic substances. Although it is prescribed that second ship's officer keeps records of the ship's pharmacy and is in charge of providing first aid, due to the fact that he is an individual for whom this is not a professional occupation and due to the nature of business, it is necessary that all crew members are properly educated and trained for providing first aid in life-threatening situations. Also, constant renewal of acquired knowledge is necessary