CHARLES DARWIN – TEORIJA EVOLUCIJE I RADIONICA ZA UČENIKE NIŽE ŠKOLSKE DOBI

Evolucija je proces koji označava promjenu. Često se definira kao razvoj iz nečega jednostavnog u nešto složeno, no to je znanost koja se bavi proučavanjem postanka, razvoja i promjenjivosti živih bića u vremenu. Najveći doprinos u znanosti vezano za evoluciju dao je engleski prirodoslovac Charles Darwin. Potaknut petogodišnjim putovanjem HMS Beagleom, došao je do veličanstvenih otkrića koja je predočio u svom djelu Podrijetlo vrsta ili o postanku vrsta uz pomoć prirodnog odabira i očuvanja boljih pasmina u borbi za opstanak, objavljenom 1859. godine. Stoga je cilj ovoga diplomskog rada bio istražiti imaju li učenici trećih i četvrtih razreda osnovne škole predznanja o pojmovima vezanima za evoluciju, znaju li zašto je evolucija važna te postoji li razlika između dječaka i djevojčica u rezultatima ispita znanja prije i nakon provedbe odgovarajuće radionice. Istraživanje je provedeno u razdoblju od veljače do ožujka 2019. g., a sudjelovalo je 122 učenika trećih i četvrtih razreda Osnovne škole Filipa Lukasa u Kaštel Starom. Detaljnom analizom podataka utvrđeno je da ne postoji statistički značajna razlika između dječaka i djevojčica u rezultatima testa znanja prije i nakon radionice. Učenici su pokazali izrazitu zainteresiranost za rad u samostalnom istraživanju u kojem su svi imali mogućnost aktivno sudjelovati i doprinijeti pronalaženju odgovora potkrijepljenih dokazima, logički i kritički promišljati o zadatcima i donositi smislene zaključke. Ovakav oblik rada temelj je usvajanja prirodoznanstvenih spoznaja, koncepata i znanja što vodi k odgoju i obrazovanju suvremenoga učenika. Suvremeni učenik, učenik 21. stoljeća, treba znati čuvati prirodna bogatstva i djelovati u smjeru očuvanja bioraznolikosti organizama te živjeti u suglasju s prirodom. Prirodne znanosti zauzimaju važno mjesto unutar nastavnih sadržaja u osnovnim i srednjim školama, a samo aktivno učenje prirodoslovnih sadržaja osigurava da učenik uči stvaralački i kritički promišljati, ali i upoznaje znanstveni pristup i znanstveni način istraživanja, što vodi oblikovanju prirodoslovno pismenog pojedinca.Evolution is a process that signifies change. It is often defined as a development from something simple into something complex, but it is a science that deals with the study of the origin, development and variability of living beings in time. English natural history scientist Charles Darwin contributed the most to the evolution-related science. Prompted by a five-year journey by HMS Beagle, he made magnificent discoveries which he presented in his work The origin of the species or the origin of the species through the natural selection and preservation of better breeds in the battle for survival, published in 1859. Therefore, the aim of this graduate work was to examine whether third and fourth grade primary school students have knowledge of evolutionary concepts, whether they know why evolution is important and whether there is a difference between boys and girls in the results of knowledge examination before and after the specific workshop. The research was conducted from February to March 2019, and 122 pupils from third and fourth grades of Filip Lukas elementary school in Kaštel Stari participated. A detailed analysis of data showed that there is no statistically significant difference between boys and girls in the results of knowledge test before and after the workshop. The students showed great interest in working in an independent research in which everyone had the opportunity to participate actively and contribute to finding answers supported by evidence, to think logically and critically about the tasks and to draw meaningful conclusions. This kind of work is the basis for the adoption of natural-scientific insights, concepts and knowledge leading to the upbringing and education of a modern student. A modern student, a student of the 21st century, should be able to preserve natural wealth and act towards preserving the biodiversity of organisms, as well as live in harmony with nature. Natural sciences occupy an important place within the curriculum in primary and secondary schools, and only by active learning of natural resources do students not only learn creative and critical thinking, but learn about the scientific approach and scientific method of research, leading to the formation of a naturally literate individual