Correlation between perfecrionism, self-esteem, shame and guilt among students

Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati obilježja povezanosti perfekcionizma sa samopoštovanjem i osjećajem srama i krivnje kod studenata i studentica. U istraživanju je korišten prigodan uzorak od 202 sudionika (Nž=117, Nm=85), studenata Fakulteta hrvatskih studija Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, smjera psihologije i Visoke policijske škole u Zagrebu. Sudionici su ispunili niz upitnika, točnije Višedimenzionalni upitnik perfekcionizma (Stoeber, Otto, Pescheck, Becker i Stoll, 2007), Skalu osjećaja srama i krivnje (Marschall, Saftner i Tangney, 1994) te Upitnik samopoštovanja kao stanja (Heatherton i Polivy, 1991). Uz to, prikupljeni su podaci o dobi, rodu i fakultetu na kojem sudionici studiraju. Rezultati pokazuju postojanje statistički značajne razlike između studentica i studenata na dimenzijama srama i krivnje te na podljestvici socijalnog samopoštovanja, pri čemu studentice ostvaruju više prosječne vrijednosti na dimenzijama srama i krivnje, dok studenti ostvaruju više vrijednosti na podljestvici socijalnog samopoštovanja. Značajna razlika nije pronađena na ljestvici akademskog perfekcionizma te na podljestvici izvedbenog samopoštovanja. Utvrđena je statistički značajna negativna povezanost podljestvice adaptivnog perfekcionizma sa sramom i krivnjom te značajna pozitivna povezanost podljestvice adaptivnog perfekcionizma sa samopoštovanjem vezanim uz izvedbu kod muškaraca, dok kod žena nije utvrđena značajna povezanost. Također, utvrđena je statistički značajna pozitivna povezanost podljestvice neadaptivnog perfekcionizma sa sramom i krivnjom te značajna negativna povezanost neadaptivnog perfekcionizma i samopoštovanja vezanog uz izvedbu te socijalnog samopoštovanja kod muškaraca, dok je kod žena utvrđena značajna pozitivna povezanost neadaptivnog perfekcionizma i krivnje te negativna povezanost neadaptivnog perfekcionizma sa socijalnim samopoštovanjem. Utvrđena je i statistički značajna razlika između sudionika s obzirom na rezultat na adaptivnom i neadaptivnom perfekcionizmu, pri čemu osobe s manje izraženim perfekcionizmom na obje podljestvice iskazuju bolje socijalno i izvedbeno samopoštovanje te manji osjećaj krivnje. Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju na drugačiji obrazac povezanosti adaptivnog i neadaptivnog perfekcionizma sa samopoštovanjem, sramom i krivnjom na muškom i ženskom uzorku, što upućuje na važnost zasebnog izučavanja odrednica perfekcionizma kod žena i muškaraca.The aim of the research study was to examine the relationship between perfectionism and self-esteem, shame and guilt in college students. A total of 202 students (Nf=117, Nm=85) from the Faculty of Croatian Studies, University of Zagreb as well as from the Police Academy, Zagreb (Ministry of the Interior), participated in the study. The participants completed the Multidimensional Questionnaire of Perfectionism (Stoeber, Otto, Pescheck, Becker, Stoll, 2007), the State Shame and Guilt Scale (Marschall, Saftner i Tangney, 1994) and the State Self-esteem Questionnaire (Heatherton and Polivy, 1991). In addition, they responded to a list of questions such as data about age, gender and faculty at which they are studying. The results show the statistically significant difference between men and women on subscales of shame and guilt, on which females achieved higher average values, as well as on the subscale of selfesteem, on which men achieved higher average values. A significant difference wasn't found on the scale of the academic perfectionism as well as on the subscale of performance self-esteem. Regarding the male sample, we found the statistically significant negative difference between the subscale of adaptive perfectionism and shame and guilt as well as the statistically significant positive correlation between adaptive perfectionism and performance self-esteem. Also, the statistically significant positive correlation was found between the subscale of maladaptive perfectionism and shame and guilt as well as the statistically significant negative correlation between maladaptive perfectionism and performance self-esteem on male sample, whereas we found the statistically significant positive correlation between maladaptive perfectionism and guilt as well as the negative correlation between maladaptive perfectionism and social self-esteem, on the female sample. Finally, the statistically significant difference was found between students regarding the result they achieved on the adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism scale, where students with lower result on both subscales of perfectionism, show better social and performance self-esteem as well as lower feeling of guilt. The given results show different patterns of correlation between adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism with self-esteem, shame and guilt on both male and female samples, which indicates the importance of individual study of perfectionism between the opposite genders