Tax havens: Sovereignty games in the global economy

Cilj ovog rada je istražiti utjecaj globalizacije i promjene koje je uzrokovala tijekom povijesti sve do danas, te povezanost procesa globalizacije s razvojem i jačanjem poreznih oaza. Za multinacionalne kompanije, poslovanje preko podružnica u poreznim oazama poželjno je jer će smanjiti njihovu poreznu obvezu. Iz perspektive država, dobro je onima koje jesu porezne oaze radi zarade koju ostvaruju, a loše je ostalima koje radi njih gube prihode od poreza i susreću se s nepredvidljivošću vezano za buduće porezne prihode. Dugoročno dolazi do nestabilnosti u poreznim sustavima zemalja, koje se mogu preliti na druge zemlje i ugroziti stabilnost na globalnoj razini. Osim štetnih poreznih praksi, globalizacija i tehnološki napredak omogućili su pranje novca i jednostavan prijenos novca diljem svijeta, često putem anonimnih bankovnih računa, što omogućuje financiranje kriminalnih i ilegalnih aktivnosti. Brojni primjeri u svijetu pokazali su da je globalizacija bogate učinila još bogatijima, a siromašne još siromašnijima. Posljednjih godina postignut je napredak, no prepreka je i nadalje otežana i troma implementacija promjena i novih pravila na globalnoj razini.The aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of globalization and the changes it has caused throughout history until today and also the connection between the process of globalization with development and strengthening of tax havens. For multinational companies, doing business through subsidiaries in tax havens is desirable because it will reduce their tax liability. From the perspective of states, it is good for those who are tax havens because of the earnings they make and bad for others who lose their tax revenues and face unpredictability regarding future tax revenues. In the long run, a consequence is instability in the tax systems of countries, which can spill over to other countries and jeopardize global stability. Beside harmful tax practices, globalization and technological progress have enabled money laundering and easy money transfer around the world, often through anonymous bank accounts, allowing financing of criminal and illegal activities. Numerous examples around the world have shown that globalization has made the rich ones more richer and the poor ones more poorer. Progress has been made in recent years, but the obstacle remains difficult and slow implementation of changes and new rules globally