Human figure in visual art and children's drawing Representation of developmental and aesthetic visual elements

Crtež je od davnih vremena poznat kao sredstvo univerzalnog izražavanja i komunikacije. Razvijao se između mašte i čovjekove potrebe za izražavanjem te s vremenom postao osnova u likovno - umjetničkom izražavanju. Ljudsko tijelo motiv je likovnog stvaralaštva od najstarijih vremena u pećinama pa sve do današnjeg modernog doba, a prikaz njegovih proporcija i pokreta mijenjao se kroz stilska razdoblja. Dijete u svojoj najranijoj dobi crtež koristi kao komunikacijsko sredstvo koje mu dopušta slobodu izraza i razvoj mašte te kognitivnih i motoričkih sposobnosti. Cilj ovog diplomskog rada je istražiti prikaz ljudskog tijela u likovnoj umjetnosti i ukazati na raznolika shvaćanja ljudske ljepote koja se razlikuju od kulture do kulture. Također u ovom diplomskom radu osvrnut ću se na sam pojam crteža kao osnove likovnog izraza te ću opisati crtačke tehnike i prikazati razvoj crteža kroz povijest. U ovom diplomskom radu jedan od ciljeva je dati prikaz razvoja crteža djece rane i predškolske dobi i primarnog školskog obrazovanja te analizirati razvoj dječjeg crteža preko motiva ljudskog lika, a kao prilog istraživanju osmisliti i napraviti didaktički materijal (autorsku lutku) kao pomagalo pri poučavanju djece o anatomiji i proporcijama ljudskog tijela. Prvi dio diplomskog rada je napravljen kroz kvalitativno istraživanje analizom i prikupljanjem podataka iz dostupne literature te je deskriptivno obrađen u obliku diplomskog eseja. Drugi dio istraživanja odnosi se na osmišljavanje i oblikovanje didaktičkog pomagala za nastavu. Uz praktičnu izvedbu lutke priložit ću foto dokumentaciju izvedbe i opis moguće uporabe didaktičkog materijala u nastavi.From the ancient times drawing has been known as a way of universal expression and communication. It is developed between the imagination and man's need for expression, and over time became the basis for artistic expression. The human body is a motif of artistic creation from the earliest times in caves to the present day, and the presentation of its proportions and movements has changed through stylistic periods. At its earliest age child uses drawing as a way of communication that allows him freedom of expression and development of imagination and cognitive and motor skills. The aim of this thesis is to explore the representation of the human body in fine arts and to point out diverse understandings of human beauty that differ from culture to culture. Also in this thesis I will explain concept of drawing as basis of artistic expression, describe drawing techniques and show development of drawing through history. In this diploma thesis, one of the goals is to give an overview of development of children's drawing during early and preschool age and primary school education and to analyze the development of children's drawing through human character motifs, and as a contribution to the research, design didactic material (author's puppet) that will help teaching children about the anatomy and proportions of the human body. The first part of the thesis was made through qualitative research by analyzing and collecting data from the available literature and was descriptively processed in the form of a graduate essay. The second part of the research relates to the design and shaping of didactic material. Along with the practical performance of the puppet, I enclosed photo documentation of the and a description of the possible use of didactic material in teaching