The relationship between perfectionism, perceived parenting styles and employment status of father and mother

Perfekcionizam je konstrukt koji ima različite definicije i operacionalizacije. Jedan od modela perfekcionizma uključuje podjelu na pozitivni i negativni perfekcionizam. Pozitivni perfekcionizam vođen je željom za uspjehom te povezan sa životnim zadovoljstvom i pozitivnim ishodima. S druge strane, negativni perfekcionizam je vođen strahom od neuspjeha i povezan s anksioznosti, depresijom i negativnim ishodima. Razvoj perfekcionizma se često dovodi u vezu s roditeljskim odgojnim stilovima, dok je odnos perfekcionizma s radnim statusom roditelja dosad zanemarena tema. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati odnos pozitivnog i negativnog perfekcionizma s percepcijom roditeljske kontrole i emocionalnosti te s radnim statusom roditelja. U istraživanju je sudjelovao 361 sudionik u dobi od 18 do 20 godina, od toga 302 sudionice ženskog spola i 59 sudionika muškog spola. Korišteni mjerni instrumenti su Skala pozitivnog i negativnog perfekcionizma-PNPS te Skala percepcije obiteljskih odnosa. Rezultati su pokazali da je percepcija veće emocionalnosti od strane majki i očeva te manje majčine kontrole povezana s izraženijim pozitivnim perfekcionizmom. Gledajući zasebno djevojke i mladiće, percepcija veće emocionalnosti od očeva i majki povezana je s izraženijim pozitivnim perfekcionizmom. Međutim, u tom slučaju nije utvrđena povezanost pozitivnog perfekcionizma s percipiranom kontrolom očeva i majki. Nadalje, izraženiji negativni perfekcionizam bio je povezan s manje percipirane emocionalnosti te više percipirane kontrole od strane majki i očeva i obratno. Nije bilo razlike u povezanostima s obzirom na spol sudionika. Međutim, kod mladića je negativni perfekcionizam bio snažnije povezan s percipiranom emocionalnosti oca nego majke. Nadalje, sudionici kojima su majke trenutno zaposlene imali su izraženiji pozitivni perfekcionizam u odnosu da sudionike čije su majke trenutno nezaposlene, dok nije utvrđena razlika u izraženosti negativnog perfekcionizma s obzirom na trenutni radni status majke. Također, nisu utvrđene povezanosti dužine radnog vremena roditelja i percepcije roditeljske emocionalnosti i kontrole.Perfectionism is a construct that has different definitions and operationalizations. One of the models of perfectionism includes the division into positive and negative perfectionism. Positive perfectionism is driven by the desire for success and associated with life satisfaction and positive outcomes. On the other hand, negative perfectionism is driven by fear of failure and associated with anxiety, depression and negative outcomes. The development of perfectionism is often associated with parenting styles, while the relationship of perfectionism and parental employment status has been a neglected topic. This study aimed to examine the relationship between positive and negative perfectionism, perceived parental emotionality and control and parents' employment status. The survey involved 361 participants, aged 18 to 20 years old, of which 302 were female and 59 male. The measuring instruments that were used are Positive and Negative Perfectionism Scale-PNPS and The Perception of Family Interactions Scale. The results showed that perceptions of greater maternal and paternal emotionality and of less maternal control are associated with higher levels of positive perfectionism. When females and males were observed separately, the perceptions of greater paternal and maternal emotionality are associated with higher levels of positive perfectionism. However, in that case there were no significant correlations between positive perfectionism and perceived maternal and paternal control. Furthermore, higher levels of negative perfectionism are associated with perceptions of less maternal and paternal emotionality and greater maternal and paternal control. No differences in these correlations were found considering the gender of participants. However, the negative perfectionism of males was more strongly associated with the perceived emotionality of fathers than mothers. Furthermore, participants whose mothers were currently employed showed higher levels of positive perfectionism compared to those whose mothers were currently unemployed, while no difference was found in negative perfectionism considering the mother's current employment status. Also, no correlations were found between the length of parents' working time and perceptions of parental emotionality and control