Steel scrap as a secondary raw material for steel production

Čelik je materijal koji se najviše koristi od svih metala i to u svim granama industrije (npr. metaloprerada, transport, poljoprivreda, rudarstvoitd.) zbog svojih dobrih svojstava kao što su čvrstoća, žilavost, rastezljivost i sl. Proizvodnja čelika se može podijeliti na dva osnovna načina: proizvodnja u integralnim željezarama i pretaljivanje čeličnog otpada. Suvremena proizvodnja čelika sastoji se od tri vrste metalnog uloška koji može biti u obliku sirovog željeza, čeličnog otpada i direktno reduciranog željeza. U grupu primarnih sirovina za proizvodnju čelika ubrajaju se sirovo željezo i produkti direktne redukcije, dok čelični otpad predstavlja sekundarnu sirovinu. Cilj ovog rada bio je ukazati na važnost primjene čeličnog otpada kao sekundarne sirovine te koliko se takvim načinom proizvodnje čelika pridonosi uštedi energije odnosno zaštiti okoliša. Pregledom dostupne literature, dan je poseban osvrt na kvalitetu i klasifikaciju čeličnog otpada, pripremu čeličnog otpada za proizvodnju čelika kao i osnovni postupci proizvodnje čelika koji kao sekundarnu sirovinu koriste čelični otpad.Steel is the material which from all metals in all branches of industry is mostly used (eg. metal processing, transport, agriculture, mining, etc.) due to it's good properties such as strength, toughness, elongation, etc. Steel production can be divided into two basic processes: production in integral steelworks and remelting of steel scrap. Modern steel production consists of three types of metal charge which can be in the form of pig iron, steel scrap and directly reduced iron. The group of primary raw materials for steel production includes pig iron and direct reduction products, while steel scrap is a secondary raw material. The aim of this paper was to point out the importance of steel scrap use as a secondary raw material and the extent to which such a method of steel production contributes to energy savings and environmental protection. By the review of available literature, a specific overview was given to the quality and classification of steel scrap, the preparation of steel scrap for steel production as well as the basic processes of steel production that use steel scrap as a secondary raw material