JINGLE – IV. Dust, H I gas, and metal scaling laws in the local universe

Scaling laws of dust, H I gas, and metal mass with stellar mass, specific star formation rate, and metallicity are crucial to our understanding of the build-up of galaxies through their enrichment with metals and dust. In this work, we analyse how the dust and metal content varies with specific gas mass (MH I/M⋆) across a diverse sample of 423 nearby galaxies. The observed trends are interpreted with a set of Dust and Element evolUtion modelS (DEUS) – including stellar dust production, grain growth, and dust destruction – within a Bayesian framework to enable a rigorous search of the multidimensional parameter space. We find that these scaling laws for galaxies with −1.0 ≲ log MH I/M⋆ ≲ 0 can be reproduced using closed-box models with high fractions (37–89 per cent⁠) of supernova dust surviving a reverse shock, relatively low grain growth efficiencies (ϵ = 30–40), and long dust lifetimes (1–2 Gyr). The models have present-day dust masses with similar contributions from stellar sources (50–80 per cent⁠) and grain growth (20–50 per cent⁠). Over the entire lifetime of these galaxies, the contribution from stardust (>90 per cent⁠) outweighs the fraction of dust grown in the interstellar medium (