Духовне виховання дітей молодшого шкільного віку в недільних школах

У дисертації проведений аналіз наукової літератури з проблеми формування духовності особистості, духовного виховання та духовних цінностей. Вагоме місце відводиться християнському вихованню. З'ясовано, що важливими навчальними осередками, які найбільше сприяють духовному вихованню, є християнські недільні школи. У дисертації проведено аналіз навчально-виховного процесу цих шкіл, розглянуто вимоги до особистості вчителя молодших класів, а також необхідність створення родинної атмосфери у школі як одного з основних чинників, що сприяють плеканню духовних цінностей молодших школярів. Доведено можливість використання іноземної мови як одного із засобів духовного збагачення молодших школярів. Обґрунтовано й експериментально перевірено педагогічні умови як компонент моделі духовного виховання молодших школярів у недільних школах. Результатами експерименту доведено ефективність педагогічних умов духовного виховання молодших школярів у недільних школах.The problem of personal spirituality, spiritual upbringing and spiritual values was analyzed in the thesis. The relationship between different areas of education (moral, ethnic, aesthetic, physical and others) was defined. Each of these components of education is considered in the context of the Christian religion. The thesis presents the stages and ways of spiritual development, objectives of spiritual upbringing. Christian upbringing plays an important part in the research as it brings the school children to the highest level of values. The importance of Christian values, value orientations in the spiritual formation of personality, social self expression is justified. The models of value hierarchies are presented on basis of which the levels of the educational process are defined: information, formation, transformation. On the basis of the main characteristics of child psychology primary school age is considered and justified as the most favorable time for spiritual development. It is proven that the important educational establishments that best promote spiritual upbringing are Christian and Sunday schools. The necessity of maintaining spirituality in the school environment, the essence of the Christian Sunday and parochial schools are revealed.The author analyzes the educational process of such schools: objectives, functions, instruments, methods, forms of spiritual upbringing, the main textbooks of the first form. Teacher identity and his role in the spiritual formation of personality is considered. The author identifies the key components of spiritual teacher, basic requirements for teacher’s personality of Sunday primary school: professional and personal; reveals the necessity of family atmosphere in Sunday schools as one of the main factors that contributes to fostering spiritual values of primary school children. Sunday school is seen as harmonious interaction of all subjects of study: students, teachers, parents, godparents, clergy, parish. The social aspect of the Church and its large integral role in shaping the human-Christian, able to be a worthy member in the dialogue of cultures, are presented. The work also demonstrates the importance and the use of a foreign language as a means of spiritual enrichment of younger pupils. The possibility of the integrative aspect of foreign language and catechesis in the context of the dialogue of cultures is proved. Research and experimental work demonstrates the impact of the educational process in Sunday schools on the spiritual upbringing of primary school pupils; identifies the best ways to improve the spiritual upbringing of primary school children in Sunday schools. The result of our research provided the opportunity to present pedagogical conditions of spiritual upbringing of primary school children in Sunday schools: the use of spiritual potential of catechesis; purposeful and systematic nature of a complex application of catechism instruments in order to develop spiritual values; transforming children knowledge of spiritual and moral nature into personal beliefs and activities aimed at strengthening the life of Christian values; and the implementation of the model of spiritual upbringing. It contains such elements: aim (the formation of younger pupils spirituality), principles (educational, didactic), methods (of forming consciousness of the individual, of forming experience of conduct, of stimulating activity and behaviour), форми (individual, group, mass), criteria for the formation of the spiritual upbringing (cognitive, value-motivational, behavioral) and pedagogical conditions. Formation of knowledge about spirituality of younger pupils was defined according to the following criteria: knowledge of the nature and elements of spirituality; possession of skills and habits of spiritual life. This research gave the basis to formulate a set of practical recommendations that can be used by teachers of Christian schools, catechists, teachers of foreign languages in public and Christian schools, parents. Analysis of the research results showed a positive dynamics of spiritual education levels of experimental group pupils, and hence – the effectiveness of pedagogical conditions of spiritual education for primary school children in Sunday schools. The efficiency of tested pedagogical conditions of spiritual education for primary school children in Christian Sunday schools was proved