Wage adjustment practices in Russian firms

Wage adjustments for employees are a reactive mechanism to changing market conditions and form a significant part of pay policy. Though various attempts to explore wage levels and wage differentials have been made, wage adjustment policies remain an understudied topic. This paper analyses the determinants of wage adjustments based on data from Russian companies between 2015 and 2017. The analysis is based on detailed data from an employer survey covering more than 5 000 firms in both the public and private sectors. The study adopts probit models to identify the reasons for wage revisions, which depend on both internal employer characteristics and external labour market conditions. The results are in line with previous research on the topic and suggest that both internal and external factors influence wage adjustments. A wage adjustment is a reflection of an ability to pay, meaning that revisions are often made by successful firms with high employee turnover. It was also found that institutional frameworks, especially trade union activity, also affect a firm’s decision to adjust wages, despite the widely-held belief that unions play an insignificant role in Russia. This study contributes to the limited literature by analyzing the determinants of wage policies depending on a firm’s characteristics and is the first study of its kind based on extensive Russian data.This work is an output of a research project implemented as part of the Basic Research Program at the National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE)