A Butlerian Reading of Ernest Hemingway’s Personality and His Works

Drawing on the gender theories of Judith Butler, Khorsand and Ghasem discuss the masochistic qualities found in Hemingway’s male protagonists exemplified through their complex relationships with women, particularly Francis of “The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber.” Ties Hemingway’s treatment of symbiotic dependency, fetishism, violence, and pain to the author’s own fluid sexuality