Hemingway’s Primal Scene

Explores Hemingway’s ambiguous attitude toward traditional primitivism, showing that he embraced both its chronological and cultural modes, yet remained skeptical about the categorical significance of race. Pavloska focuses on the expression of primitivism in “Indian Camp” and “Fathers and Sons” as realistic and idealistic portrayals of natives, perhaps signifying Hemingway’s attempts at self-definition through his experiences with Native Americans