ANALISIS KESULITAN SISWA DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL MATEMATIKA PROBLEM SOLVING BERDASARKAN TAHAPAN HEURISTIK POLYA

ABSTRAK Aneu Pebrianti. (1607668). Analisis Kesulitan Siswa Dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Matematika Problem Solving Berdasarkan Tahapan Heuristik Polya. Soal problem solving merupakan soal non rutin yang melatih keterampilan berpikir, pemahaman konsep yang benar dan ketelitian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahi kesulitan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal problem solving berdasarkan tahapan Polya. Polya mengungkapkan solusi soal problem solving memuat empat langkah penyelesaian, yaitu : (1) Pemahaman terhadap permasalahan; (2) Perencanaan penyelesaian masalah; (3) Melaksanakan perencanaan penyelesaian masalah; (4) Melihat kembali penyelesaian. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif yang dilakukan di Sekolah Menengah Atas. Subjek diambil berdasarkan purposive sampling yaitu 14 orang siswa dengan tingkat kemahiran matematika tinggi, sedang dan kurang. Teknik analisis yang digunakan berdasarkan tahapan pengumpulan data, reduksi data, display data, sampai penarikan kesimpulan. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa siswa mengalami kesulitan yang tinggi dalam memecahkan soal problem solving berdasarkan heuristik Polya. Berdasarkan keempat tahapan Polya, tahap pengecekan kembali merupakan tahap yang paling sulit karena siswa tidak mengetahui cara untuk melakukan pengecekan kembali. Hal ini disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor antara lain 1) kurang teliti dalam mencermati dan memahami masalah, (2) kurang menguasai materi, (3) Soal yang dikerjakan dianggap baru, (4) kurang mengeksplor soal-soal latihan, (5) Kurangnya ketelitian siswa dalam melakukan pengoperasian. Kata kunci : Soal problem solving, heuristik Polya. ABSTRAC Aneu Pebrianti. (1607668). Analysis of Student Difficulties to solve the Mathematical Problem Based on Polya’s Heuristik. A matter of problem solving are non-routine problem that practice thinking skills, understanding correct concepts and accuracy. This study aims to identify students’ diffuculties to solve the Mathematical Problem Based on Polya’s Heuristik. Polya revelead the solution of problem solving contained four steps, that are : (1) understanding of the problem; (2) planning for problem solving; (3) carry out planning of problem solving; (4) looking back at the settlement. This research is qualitative study in Senior High School. Subjects were taken based on purposive sampling, and get 14 students with high, moderate and less mathematical proficiency. The analysis technique used is based on the stages of data collection, data reduction, data display, and conclusions. From the result of the study it can be concluded that student have high difficulty to solve the problem in mathematical problem solving based on Polya’s Heuristic. Based on the four stages of Polya, the re-checking stage is the most difficult stage because students do not know how to checj again. This is caused by several factors including : 1) lack of accuracy in observing and understanding the problem, 2) lack of mastery of the material, 3) problems are considered new, 4) lack of exploring the practice questions, 5) lack of student accuracy in carrying out operation. Keyword : Problem solving, Polya heuristic