Ecological value and the US endangered species act: Comment on Waples et al. (2015)

© The authors 2016. The US Fish and Wildlife Service and National Marine Fisheries Service (the Services) have struggled to understand the meaning of the definition of \u27endangered species\u27 within the Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973. This struggle centers on how the Services should interpret the phrase \u27significant portion of its range\u27 (SPOIR), which is part of the definition of an \u27endangered species\u27 in the ESA. The same issue has been debated by conservation scholars for more than a decade. Waples et al. (2015; Endang Species Res 27:189-192) offer a defense of the Services\u27 policy and their interpretation of the SPOIR phrase (issued in July 2014: 79 Fed. Reg. 37578). In doing so they criticize an alternative position that we, and others, have presented. We are concerned that Waples et al. (2015) inaccurately characterize our position and fail to acknowledge existing scholarship conflicting with their position. More generally, the policy designed and defended by Waples et al. (2015) and colleagues, and issued by the Services, is inconsistent with Congressional intent, and essentially the same position that has been roundly rejected in several federal court decisions