Steps forward in understanding backward gait; from basic circuits to rehabilitation

Backward locomotion is used increasingly in sports and rehabilitation. However, it is unclear whether training effects of backward walking/running (BW/R) can be simply transferred to forward walking/running (FW/R). This touches on the question whether the same neural substrate can generate FW and BW. The available evidence suggests that BW uses the same rhythm circuitry but additionally requires specialized control circuits.SUMMARY FOR TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE Increased use of backward locomotion in sports and rehabilitation raises questions about its neural origin and control.status: publishe