Suppression of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Viremia with Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors, CD4+ T-Cell Recovery, and Viral Rebound upon Interruption of Therapy in a New Model for HIV Treatment in the Humanized Rag2-/- c-/- Mouse

A small animal model that reproduces human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) pathogenesis may allow modeling of new therapeutic strategies in ways not approachable in mononuclear cell culture. We find that, as in humans, combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) in humanized (hu-) Rag2−/−γc−/− mice allows suppression of viremia below the limits of detection and recovery of CD4+ cells, while interruption of ART results in viral rebound and renewed loss of CD4+ T cells. Failure of ART in infected mice is associated with the appearance of drug resistance mutations. The hu-Rag2−/−γc−/− mouse may therefore facilitate testing of novel approaches to HIV replication and persistence