Compared to Subcutaneous Tenofovir, Oral Tenofovir Disoproxyl Fumarate Administration Preferentially Concentrates the Drug into Gut-Associated Lymphoid Cells in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Macaques

ABSTRACT To compare tissue-based pharmacokinetics and efficacy of oral tenofovir disoproxyl fumarate (TDF) versus subcutaneous tenofovir (TFV), macaques were treated for 2 weeks starting 1 week after simian immunodeficiency virus inoculation. Despite lower plasma TFV levels in the oral TDF arm, similar TFV diphosphate levels and antiviral activities were measured in lymphoid cells of most tissues. In intestinal tissues, however, oral TDF resulted in higher active drug levels, associated with lower virus levels and better immune preservation