Optimal control for efficient electric heating

The purpose of this study is to investigate methods of reducing the cost of electricity consumption. Utility companies must forecast and adjust for power demand. Utilities desire a 1:1 load factor ratio between peak energy usage and average usage. During peak hours, electricity production is most expensive. There are two major methods for reducing the peak power for Thermostatically Controlled Loads (TCL), such as electric water heaters, air conditioners, or heat pumps: a) Classic Demand Side Management (DSM) methods such as demand shifting and electricity pricing tariffs, and b) Advanced DSM load control methods. This thesis will focus on analyzing the advanced control methods to reduce peak power and to save energy. The use of space heating and TCL loads for reducing electricity consumption and peak demand production is an important research area, considering that the energy consumption of most of US single-family residential homes is from controllable appliances. An experimental thermal identification system utilizing first and second order mathematical models has been developed at WCU.Using these models, a new proportional (P-Only) and proportional integral (PI) controller are investigated and assessed for improvements of reduction of peak power and energy savings for a TCL compared to the traditional Bang-Bang Controller in a resistive space heating prototype. Comparative results between simulation and experimental work validated the linearity of power electronics controller. Linearization was achieved by identifying a mathematical relationship that eliminates quadratic power function as well as Buck converter’s nonlinearity. Temperature disparity and input power characteristics were improved using this new converter for controlling the space heater. The system developed is an important step toward energy savings, temperature improvements and demand side management for reducing peak demand