Invasive subspecies Dreissena rostriformis bugensis Andrusov, 1897 (Mollusca, Bivalvia)

Dreissena rostriformis bugensis je invazivna podvrsta slatkovodnog školjkaša, prirodno rasprostranjena na području rijeka Južni Bug i Dnjepar u Ukrajini, koja je u vrlo kratkom razdoblju naselila slatkovodne ekosustave Europe i Sjeverne Amerike. Visok reproduktivni potencijal, slobodno plivajuća veliger ličinka, bisusne niti u odrasloj fazi kao i prehrana filtracijom najvažnije su karakteristke koje ovu podvrstu čine invazivnom. Invazivnost se očituje u višestrukom ekološkom, ekonomskom i socio-ekonomskom učinku. Uspostavom populacije u novom, nenativnom staništu dolazi do promjene u strukturi staništa i hranidbenih odnosa kao i kompeticije za hranu i prostor s autohtonim vrstama. Stvaranje obraštaja u sustavima za opskrbu vodom, energetskim postrojenjima, branama, vozilima, opremi i plažama može prouzročiti znatnu ekonomsku štetu. Postoje razne metode kontrole uključujući kemijske, biološke i fizičke postupke, a kako bi njihovo djelovanje bilo što učinkovitije često se koriste kombinacije navedenih postupaka. Ključnu ulogu predstavlja monitoring invazivnih vrsta zbog praćenja stanja pojedinog staništa u kojem je vrsta prisutna te usporavanja ili čak sprječavanja daljnjeg širenja. Okolišna DNA (eDNA) ima sve veću primjenu u slatkovodnim ekosustavima za identificiranje i kvantifikaciju organizama te se pokazala kao pouzdana metoda za ovu vrstu.Dreissena rostriformis bugensis is an invasive subspecies of a freshwater bivalve, naturally distributed on the Southern Bug and Dnieper rivers in Ukraine, which has inhabited the freshwater ecosystems of Europe and North America in a very short time period. Its high reproductive potential, the free-swimming veliger larva, byssus threads in the adult stage as well as filter-feeding are the most important characteristics making this subspecies an invasive one. Their invasiveness is evident from multiple environmental, economic, and socioeconomic impacts. By establishing a population in a new, non-native habitat, a change occurs in the habitat’s structure and feeding relations, as well as a new nutritive and spatial competition with indigenous species. The formation of fouling in water supply systems, power plants, dams, vehicles, equipment and beaches can cause significant economic damage. There are various control methods, including chemical, biological and physical procedures, and they are often combined which helps make them as effective as possible. The monitoring of invasive species plays a key part in monitoring the condition of individual habitats in which the species is present, and can help with slowing down or even preventing its further spread. Environmental DNA (eDNA) has proven to be a reliable method for this species, and is increasingly used to identify and quantify organisms in freshwater ecosystems