Psychiatric Disorders Due to Structural Prefrontal Cortex Lesions, Connection between Manifested Symptoms and Lesions Location. Psychosocial Outcomes ant Life Quality Assessment.

Objective and research task: to select and analyze scientific articles describing what kind of psychiatric disorder manifests to patients after structural prefrontal cortex damage, what is the connection between damaged structures and symptoms. To determine what kind of psychosocial problems patients deal with and evaluate quality of life changes. For this meta-analysis eligible articles had to be about human and primates brain structural differences, human brain unique characteristics, prefrontal cortex structure, symptoms which manifests after prefrontal cortex damage, psychosocial outcomes and life quality changes in English, with open access. A search was done by using bibliography database „National Center for Biotechnology Information“, by using keywords: „prefrontal cortex“, „human brain evolution“, „human primate brain differences“, „frontal lobe syndrome“, „frontal lobe treatment, management“, with parameters set as follows: Year 2010-2020. Conclusions: after conducting analysis of scientific articles, a tendency was noticed: after prefrontal cortex injury patients experience loss of motivation, planning, attention, appropriate social behavior and interactions, emotional perception and regulation, goal-directed behavior, impulse control, empathy, patients experiences loss of outcome predictions, ability to solve difficult problems. Patients might become aggressive, intractable and violent, familiar, insensitive, inappropriate to social context, irresponsible, crossing social boundaries. Moreover, that kind of symptomatology was noticed after ventromedial prefrontal cortex lesions. On the other hand, after dorsolateral prefrontal and cingulate cortex lesions patients become indifferent to environmental stimulus, lost motivation and initiative, their emotions become blunt, their behavior became slower. As a consequence, patients have difficulties returning to their daily lives, jobs, their relationships become weak, they lost friends and family, independence and they are unable to function normally in society. Therefor there is increased risk of developing alcohol abuse, become violent, depressed or even risk for suicide. After conducting an analysis of scientific articles about human brain structural uniqueness, it is thought that cognitive processes, social cognition and emotions are most evolved in humans, perhaps due to non-coding DNA sequences mutations, which might determined greater number of neurons, interneuronal connections and bigger associative cortex