Paleopedological Researches of Soils of Two-Layer Settlement Near Krivokhizhintsy Village in Vinnychina

У статті розглянуто питання використання палеопедологічних даних для відтворення палеогеографічних обстановок минулого як умов проживання давньої людини в окремі часові інтервали голоцену. На археологічному об‟єкті – двошаровому поселенні неподалік с. Кривохижинці на Вінниччині (функціонувало у два періоди: пізній палеоліт – мезоліт та у період енеоліту – трипільська культура, етап ВІ (4500-4200 р. до н. е.) комплексно досліджено ґрунти пізнього палеоліту-енеоліту. Культурний шар у розкопі (в межах якого закладено розчистку №1) насичений рухомим археологічним матеріалом, у вигляді крем'яних виробів та ліпного керамічного посуду. З використанням палеопедологічного методу, включаючи мікроморфологічний, визначено типи різновікових голоценових ґрунтів: ґрунт давнього поселення – бурий лісовий, сучасний (фоновий) ґрунт – світло-сірий опідзолений лісовий.In recent decades, archaeological sites have been investigated using archeology and paleogeography methods to reconstruct the character of landscape changes in the study area. Quite interesting in this regard is a two-layer settlement near the village. Krivohizhinets of MurovanoKurilivtsi district, Vinnytsia region. The settlement functioned in two periods: the Late Paleolithic - Mesolithic and in the Eneolithic period - (Trypillian culture, stage VI (4500-4200 BC)). The cultural layer in the excavation is saturated with movable archaeological material, in the form of flint and clay pottery. During the study of clearing 1, we found that the findings of Trypillian culture are located in soil close to sod-podzolic more stagnant regime than soil associated with the middle part of the profile. Comparing the settlement soil (clearing 1) and the modern background soil (clearing 2), it is possible to note the development in the conditions of forest genesis (forest or north of the foreststeppe zone). Given the date relating to humus-eluvial soil of settlement (clearing 1) with dated findings of Trypillian culture (stage VI 4500-4200 BC) it can be noted that the findings are above the surface of ancient soil and in humus-eluvial the horizon of modern soil, partially washed away from the surface, and the layers possibly transformed by plowing. Soil of Trypillya time is traced in the interval of 0.3-1.0 m clearing of the settlement, clearly manifested and compared with the background - with a less powerful profile with material more ironed and clay, all the features of the processes of ashes and arbor, as well as partial dressing. So, the soil in the range of 0.35-0.9 m settlement can be defined as brown forested, formed in warm temperate conditions under beechhornbeam forests, similar to the conditions of the present Precarpathian. This is evidenced by the nature of the profile and the features of micromorphology (increased clay content, ironiness of the profile, brown humus color, a significant amount of iron inflow of colomorphic clays with the presence of thin clay and brown humus particles associated with the manifestation of the forest process). Separation of Mn and Fe hydroxides in the form of inlay of pores, blurred spots, and microarrays may testify to some soil contamination. The humus-eluvial horizon of the incomplete modern soil, which can be defined as light gray podzol, formed over the ancient soil of the settlement in the range of 0.0-0.2 m. Comparing the settlement soil with the background soil profile (clearing 2), it is possible to notice its higher capacity (0.0-1.1 m profile), greater leachability and carbonlessness of the material. Modern soil was formed as close to brown-podzolic or light gray podzolic forest (lighter influx of colomorphic clays, deep leaching, signs of intense movement of Fe and Mn hydroxides in numerous bourbonizations of prophylactic material. Soil, formed 6500 years ago, developed in warmer climates than modern ones while shifting the natural zones at that time compared to the modern ones to the north. The ancient soil, although in the same natural zone as the modern one, developed in warmer and less humid conditions