Sintering behavior, microstructure and dielectric performance of BaTiO₃ with 60–65 wt% addition of B₂O₃-Bi₂O₃-SiO₂-ZnO glass

Abstract The sintering behaviors and characteristics of a glass-ceramic composite (BaTiO₃ with 60–65 wt% addition of BBSZ) were studied in this paper. The composites showed three-stage phase generation, Bi₂₄Si₂O₄₀ at 385–450 °C, an intermediate borate phase and Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ at 530 °C, ZnO and BaBi₄Ti₄O₁₅ at 720 °C. High densification was achieved at a sintering temperature of 720 °C for the composite with BaTiO₃ and 60 wt% of glass, and at 480 °C with 65 wt% glass addition. The amounts of the phases for different samples were also studied. High permittivity with a relatively low loss value (εᵣ ∼ 116 and tan δ ∼ 0.007 at 100 kHz) was achieved when the sample having 65 wt% addition of glass was sintered at 480 °C. This sample was also feasible for co-firing with silver electrodes. With a somewhat lower glass addition (60 wt%), sintering at 720 °C generated BaBi₄Ti₄O₁₅ phase showing weak ferroelectricity (remanence polarization Pᵣ of 0.17 μC/cm² and a coercive field Ec of 0.85 MV/m with an applied field of 8 MV/m) which also resulted in a higher loss (0.016)