Equilibria and orbits in the dynamical environment of asteroid 22 Kalliope

Abstract This paper studies the orbital dynamics of the potential of asteroid 22 Kalliope using observational data of the irregular shape. The zero-velocity surface are calculated and showed with different Jacobian values. All five equilibrium points are found, four of them are outside and unstable, and the other one is inside and linearly stable. The movement and bifurcations of equilibrium points during the variety of rotation speed and density of the body are investigated. The Hopf bifurcations occurs during the variety of rotational speed from ω=1.0ω₀ to 0.5ω₀, and the Saddle-Node bifurcation occurs during the variety of rotational speed from ω=1.0ω₀ to 2.0ω₀. Both unstable and stable resonant periodic orbits around Kalliope are coexisting. The perturbation of an unstable periodic orbit shows that the gravitational field of Kalliope is strongly perturbed