Abstract The eutrophication of the Baltic Sea continues despite decrease of the external phosphorus load by as much as 80% of the target confirmed by HELCOM. The aim of this thesis is to investigate this paradox, critically evaluate previous explanations for the persistent eutrophication, and to introduce a new diagnosis and paradigm for the causes and processes behind eutrophication of the Baltic Sea. According to the current consensus, anthropogenic nutrient loading is nearly the sole cause of eutrophication and regular cyanobacterial blooms. However, this study shows that the areal phosphorus loading rate, when modeled properly, is surprisingly low, and unlikely to be the primary cause of eutrophication. Instead, the frequency of the sa...
In this thesis the role played by expansive and introduced species in the phytoplankton ecology of t...
The Baltic Sea has for a long time had a problem with eutrophication. Historical phosphorus emission...
Oxygen and phosphorus dynamics and cyanobacterial blooms in the Baltic Sea are discussed using resul...
The Baltic Sea is threatened by numerous environmental problems, with eutrophication being the most ...
Eutrophication of the Baltic Sea needs can be prevented by decreasing the wastewater loading. This ...
Much of the Baltic Sea is currently classified as ‘affected by eutrophication’. The causes for this ...
In the 20th century Eutrophication as a result of anthropogenic enrichment of nutrients has become a...
Patterns of regeneration and burial of phosphorus (P) in the Baltic Sea are strongly dependent on re...
Management of phosphorus: management actions have to be environmentally sustainable, economically vi...
One of the main threats facing the Baltic Sea is eutrophication due to an excess supply of nutrients...
Dynamics of Baltic ecosystems and causes of their variability are discussed and special attention is...
Location, specific topography, and hydrographic setting together with climate change and strong anth...
Patterns of regeneration and burial of phosphorus (P) in the Baltic Sea are strongly dependent on re...
Phosphorus being one of the essential elements for all forms of life is also a finite resource. The ...
Highlights • A new description of sediment phosphorus dynamics was implemented in a 3D-mod...
In this thesis the role played by expansive and introduced species in the phytoplankton ecology of t...
The Baltic Sea has for a long time had a problem with eutrophication. Historical phosphorus emission...
Oxygen and phosphorus dynamics and cyanobacterial blooms in the Baltic Sea are discussed using resul...
The Baltic Sea is threatened by numerous environmental problems, with eutrophication being the most ...
Eutrophication of the Baltic Sea needs can be prevented by decreasing the wastewater loading. This ...
Much of the Baltic Sea is currently classified as ‘affected by eutrophication’. The causes for this ...
In the 20th century Eutrophication as a result of anthropogenic enrichment of nutrients has become a...
Patterns of regeneration and burial of phosphorus (P) in the Baltic Sea are strongly dependent on re...
Management of phosphorus: management actions have to be environmentally sustainable, economically vi...
One of the main threats facing the Baltic Sea is eutrophication due to an excess supply of nutrients...
Dynamics of Baltic ecosystems and causes of their variability are discussed and special attention is...
Location, specific topography, and hydrographic setting together with climate change and strong anth...
Patterns of regeneration and burial of phosphorus (P) in the Baltic Sea are strongly dependent on re...
Phosphorus being one of the essential elements for all forms of life is also a finite resource. The ...
Highlights • A new description of sediment phosphorus dynamics was implemented in a 3D-mod...
In this thesis the role played by expansive and introduced species in the phytoplankton ecology of t...
The Baltic Sea has for a long time had a problem with eutrophication. Historical phosphorus emission...
Oxygen and phosphorus dynamics and cyanobacterial blooms in the Baltic Sea are discussed using resul...