Injection-locked frequency multiplier with a continuous frequency-tracking loop for 5G transceivers

This work presents a low-phase noise (PN) mm-wave injection-locked frequency multiplier (ILFM) using an ultra-low power frequency-tracking loop (FTL). Monitoring the averages of phase deviations rather than detecting the instantaneous values, the FTL consumed only 600W to calibrate the mm-wave ILFM generating a frequency between 27 and 30GHz. While consuming low power, the proposed FTL effectively regulated the PN degradation, which was less than 2dB up to 100MHz offset across VT variations