Traditional knowledge and fish biology: a study of Bering cisco in the Yukon River Delta, Alaska

Thesis (M.S.) University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2011Relatively little is known about the biology of whitefishes (subfamily Coregoninae) in Alaska. To address this shortcoming, I combined social and biological science methods to examine whitefish in the Yukon River delta, Alaska. This study had two objectives: (1) to collaborate with Yup'ik subsistence fishers in sharing their knowledge of whitefish; and (2) to describe the life history of Bering cisco Coregonus laurettae. In August 2004, interview participants discussed Yup'ik traditional knowledge of whitefish. Participants shared knowledge of Bering cisco and other whitefish species. Interviews demonstrated the need for greater awareness of traditional knowledge, and the importance of communicating this knowledge with scientists. In addition, 120 Bering ciscoes were collected in August 2005 and 2006 with gill nets in the Yukon River delta, Alaska. Bering ciscoes ranged in fork length from 146 to 490 mm (mean = 321 mm) and in weight from 32 to 735 g (mean = 304 g). Fish ranged in age from 0 to 6, with one age-11 individual observed. Diet analysis showed that Bering ciscoes fed primarily on sticklebacks. My study records important social and biological data regarding Bering cisco, linking ethnography and fish biology as a means of investigating this poorly understood species.Alaska Sea Grant of the University of Alaska Fairbanks School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences1. Yup'ik traditional knowledge of whitefish and subsistence fishing in Scammon Bay, Alaska -- Introduction -- Methods -- Results -- Yup'ik whitefish nomenclature -- Observed whitefish life-history characteristics and behavior -- Traditional and contemporary whitefish harvest practices -- Apparent effects of increasing beaver population on whitefish -- Discussion -- 2. Description of Bering cisco Coregonus laurettae stock characteristics, diet, and gill rakers in the coastal Yukon River delta -- Introduction -- Methods -- Study area -- Biological sampling -- Length, weight, and growth analysis -- Age estimation of Bering cisco -- Diet analysis -- Gill raker counts and analysis -- Results -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- Literature cited