El atestado

Treball Final de Grau en Dret. Codi: DR1052. Curs: 2019/2020El atestado policial constituye, en la práctica del proceso penal, una de las formas más frecuentes de iniciación del mismo. Este es un documento elaborado con carácter previo al impulso del sumario judicial, y de relevancia central, en la medida en que recoge con la mayor exactitud posible el conjunto de las diligencias desarrolladas por los agentes policiales en relación a unos hechos concretos sobre los cuales recaiga la sospecha de que pudieran revestir interés o consecuencias de índole penal. Por su propia naturaleza y por la señalada relevancia, nos encontramos ante una figura que ha recabado gran interés tanto en sede doctrinal como en el desarrollo de la jurisprudencia en el orden penal. Esta circunstancia justifica la metodología seguida para el desarrollo de esta investigación. Como no podría ser de otra forma, el punto de partida en el que el trabajo se basa, y que sirve como referencia para su posterior desarrollo, es el de la legislación aplicable. Por una cuestión puramente jerárquica, se hace inevitable que, en primer lugar, se formulen las remisiones pertinentes a la Carta Magna, pilar del Estado de Derecho y la democracia española, y que contiene las salvaguardas más fundamentales tanto en relación a la actuación de la Administración de Justicia y sus fines, como el derecho a la defensa y tutela judicial efectiva, así como todos aquellos que alrededor de estos orbitan y que, como se verá, condicionan inexorablemente tanto la formación del atestado como el acceso al mismo y su valor probatorio. Seguidamente, se ha procedido, con el fin de delimitar los debates y controversias subyacentes en torno a esta figura, a llevar a cabo la pertinente revisión bibliográfica, a efectos de fijar las diferentes posturas existentes entre la doctrina acerca de los elementos más litigiosos que rodean a la figura del atestado, así como las pertinentes críticas a la actividad desarrollada tanto por el legislador como la jurisprudencia. Es este último recurso, el de la jurisprudencia, aquel que adquiere una mayor relevancia en el ámbito de la presente investigación.This Final Degree Project is the result of academic research carried out in relation to the figure of the judicial report. With this project, I wanted to show the relevance of the police report, and the act of the criminal police on this type of criminal cases. The choice of topic stems from the transcendental nature of this relationship with the initiation of criminal proceedings in Spanish Law, contextualizing it in a broad sense, taking into account the rest of the existing forms of initiation. Beyond its legal regulation, the subjects intervening in its investigation, the proceedings that comprise it and the doctrinal considerations collected on the statement, special importance is given to the probative value that the jurisprudence recognizes in the criminal process itself and as evidence documentary film. It has been found that this probative value is not conceived in an extensive sense, but will depend to a large extent on the proceedings it contains and the crimes that it is intended to prosecute. On the other hand, taking into account the singularities that it presents, in the field of police action against the commission of crimes of gender violence, with respect to which, as stated in the work, a unique protocol is contemplated whose purpose is the to guarantee effectiveness in both prosecuting the aggressor and guaranteeing the protection of the victim and his family. Firstly I explain the different ways to start a criminal proceeding. It can start ex officio or by a complaint. Also it can start by the criminal police by way of the criminal report. To start a criminal proceeding ex officio, the judge has should being witness of a criminal act or having knowledge of it. The complaint consists in impose a report on some act that you have known, and presumably it’s illegal. Then, in the project I go in depth with the police report. The police report is a document written by the criminal police in which take part not only the police (FCSE), but also the accused, the victim, the witnesses, the specialists etc. criminal act to then, sepend it to the competent authorities. When they received especially when it contains some testimonies, or some means of evidence that can help the judge to solve the case as could be an alcoholic test. Then I tried to show the special relevance of the police report on the crimes by violence of gender. Normally, the victims of this type of crimes don’t report them and it’s for this reason that the police report it’s important, because usually the criminal proceedings about violence of gender are boosted by the police report. Since it was so relevant, it had been established a special action protocol to this special cases, in which is explained the steps to follow by the police at the time to create a report. Finally I focused on the probative value as a documentary proof and as witness evidence. It’s because the police report isn’t reckoned such a means of evidence, but sometimes it contains some documents or proofs that can be considered as a proof. In conclusion, the police report has more relevance than it is given by the legal system. Is one of the most important ways to initiate a criminal proceeding and then one of the most important documents on that proceeding. There are a lot of information in this report that sometimes it couldn’t be showed in the judgment. So, the judge utilize that information to clarify the acts