Análisis de la práctica de la lactancia materna y del efecto de la conciliación familiar-laboral en madres trabajadoras en la universidad Jaume I

Treball Final de Grau en Infermeria. Codi: IN1138. Curs: 2019/2020Introduction: Although breastmilk is the best food for infants, the rates of breastfeeding are far from the WHO and UNICEF recommendations. Scientific literature shows that there are many factors involved in the cessation of breastfeeding and returning to work is highly decisive despite the existence of work-family balance policies. However, there are few studies carried out at universities. Objective: To know the prevalence of breastfeeding in female workers at Jaume I University, factors that influence on their practice of breastfeeding and the impact of work-family balance policies. Methodology: an epidemiological, retrospective and analytical study was conducted in female workers at Jaume I University who have been mothers in the last 10 years. Results: 103 women were studied (52.4% teachers/researchers; 47.6% administrative staff). 90.3% of them breastfed her last child and 79.5% continued breastfeeding after returning to work. There were statistically significant differences between if women breastfed her last child and the type of delivery that they had (p <0.05), if they have been informed about breastfeeding (p <0.01) and if they had breastfeeding intention (p <0.001). This difference was also found between the enjoyment of each work-family balance measures and if they continued breastfeeding (p <0.01) and also the duration of breastfeeding (p <0.001). However, women’s work situation as administrative staff or teaching/research staff didn’t show this difference with these variables. Conclusions: Most women had intention to breastfeed, but not all of them could continue doing it when they return to work. The factors that influenced the practice of breastfeeding were the type of delivery, breastfeeding education and previous intention. Its continuity was influenced by the enjoyment of work-family balance measures.Introducción: Aunque la leche materna es el mejor alimento para el lactante, las tasas actuales referentes a esta práctica distan de las recomendaciones de la OMS y UNICEF. La literatura científica muestra que en el abandono intervienen diversos factores, siendo la reanudación del trabajo muy determinante pese a la legislación existente para la conciliación, pero los estudios realizados en universidades son escasos. Objetivo: Conocer la prevalencia de lactancia materna en trabajadoras de la universidad Jaume I, los factores influyentes en su práctica y el efecto que ejerce la conciliación familiar-laboral. Metodología: estudio epidemiológico, retrospectivo y analítico en trabajadoras de la universidad Jaume I que han sido madres en los últimos 10 años. Resultados: De 103 mujeres (52,4% docentes/investigadoras; 47,6% personal administrativo), amamantó al último hijo/a el 90,3% y el 79,5% continuó la lactancia materna al reincorporarse al trabajo. Hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre amamantar al último hijo/a y el tipo de parto (p<0,05), recibir información sobre lactancia materna (p<0,01) y tener intención previa (p<0,001). También tuvo dicha diferencia el disfrute de todas las medidas de conciliación con la continuidad con la lactancia materna (p<0,01) y con la duración de la lactancia materna (p