Should we be revisiting LUT basic science and clinical measurement of LUT sensation to improve patient care? ICI-RS 2019

Abstract: Aims This article reviews current knowledge of the underpinning mechanisms of how the bladder senses fullness locally and also revisits clinical measurements of lower urinary tract sensation. The former represents cellular sensing during bladder filling whereas the latter describes the sensations leading to conscious perception of bladder fullness. Methods The topic was discussed in a "think tank" session at the 2019 International Consultation on Incontinence-Research Symposium in Bristol, UK; summarized in the present review. Results Recent advances in the basic science of bladder sensing relating to (a) the bladder wall-urothelial cells, sensory nerves, interstitial cells, and smooth muscle cells and (b) putative chemo/mechanosensors in the urethra-paraneurons or "brush cells" are discussed. Validated clinical measurement of lower urinary tract sensation is reviewed in the context of how this could be better harnessed for patient benefit. We discuss the potential of app/tablet/mobile technology based on triggers and distractors to override aberrant local sensing/higher sensation and how these technologies could be utilized in treatment. Conclusions We conclude that a better understanding of bladder sensation is essential to inform clinical management of lower urinary tract symptoms