Modelling and numerical simulation of n-heptane pyrolysis coking characteristics in a millimetre-sized tube reactor

Based on the optimization of the recently proposed gas phase mechanism for n-heptane pyrolysis, mechanisms for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) formation and a detailed wall surface reaction, a basic gaseous pyrolysis mechanism with 1127 steps and a simplified surface reaction mechanism with 34 steps were developed, respectively. After performing the detailed estimation and modelling procedures for the surface site density (SDEN) related to the particle diameter, particle density, C/H ratio and other parameters determined by the experimental tests and observations, numerical studies were integrated with the developed coke model to simulate the pyrolysis process and the coking properties in a millimetre sized tube reactor on the Chemkin Pro software platform using a two-dimensional cylindrical shear flow (CSF) module. The prediction values of the pyrolysis product concentration and coking rate at different temperatures were compared with the experimental data, and agreement was obtained. Under pyrolysis conditions of an n-heptane inlet flow rate of 0.5 ml/min, an operating pressure of 1.0 MPa and a furnace temperature of 973-1073 K, the research results showed that the hydrogen abstraction reaction, as the first and key step of coke formation, is easily affected by gaseous diffusion. As the temperature and particle diameter increase, the inhibition of diffusion becomes stronger. Among all the considered radicals, the abstraction ability of the H radical is the strongest, and it is easily restricted by diffusion. The presence of abundant radicals such as CH3, C2H3, and C3H5 at low temperatures can compensate for this limitation. For the unsaturated species addition reactions, the calculation results showed that the addition of olefins, alkynes, diolefins and aromatic hydrocarbons occurs in sequence with an increase in residence time. With increasing temperature, the addition contributions of. olefins,such as C2H4, and C3H6 gradually weaken, while those of small molecule aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene (A1) and styrene (A1C(2)H(3)) remarkably increase. Alkynes and diolefins, such as C2H2 and C3H4, have low concentrations under the experimental conditions, and their addition contributions are very low and can be ignored. Due to the addition of unsaturated species, the concentration of H-2 in the gas phase is significantly improved. The modeling work can predict the coke formation characteristics and quantitatively evaluate the change in the coke formation rate, which is helpful for explaining the intrinsic thermal pyrolysis coking mechanism in a round tube, such as the regenerative cooling system of supersonic engines, among others. (C) 2018 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved