International audienceAbstract Tropical and subtropical South American rainfall variability is analyzed using principal component analysis on annual rainfall in 138 stations (period: 1950-1999). The main variability (18% of the total variance) is an ENSO mode marked by the 1982-83 El Niño, rainy in southeastern Brazil and south western Amazon and dry in northern Amazon, Nordeste and on the Altiplano. Two secondary modes, decadal to pluridecadal, make it possible understanding the abrupt discharge change that occurred in the Parana and Amazon basin at the beginning of the seventies.Les modes de variabilité des pluies annuelles de 138 stations d'Amérique du sud tropicale et subtropicale sont analysés sur la période 1950-1999 au moyen d'une AC...