Jury: Sylvie vauclair, John Hillier, Artemio Herrero, Andre Maeder, Daniel Schaerer, Mohammad Heydari-MalayeriAtmosphere models for massive stars have become very realistic since the recent inclusion of line-blanketing. In the first part of this thesis we have studied quantitatively the effects of metals on the atmospheric structure and emergent spectrum of models computed with the code CMFGEN. We have first shown that the effective temperature scale of O dwarfs was cooler than previous calibrations based on H He models. We have also shown that line-blanketing modifies the spectral energy distribution of O stars: the flux below ~ 500 A is reduced due to the inclusion of bound-free opacities. Finally, we have tested these new SEDs thanks to ...