Stellar physics groups different fields which come from hydrodynamic modelisation to asteroseismology, or abundances observations and extrasolar planets searching. The work presented in this thesis is diversified and is related to several of these fields. It uses computer tools of modelisation such as the TGEC (Toulouse-Geneva Evolution Code) or the adiabatic oscillations code PULSE. The two first parts of this manuscript present by a theoritical way the transport processes and the principles of asteroseismology used in the stellar models. The third part is interested by the asteroseismic signature of the helium diffusion in the late F-type stars et by its evolution. We show that the gradient created by the helium diffusion under the convec...