International audienceThe economic analysis of disarmament is recent, as war has often been considered a normal manifestation of conflict between men. In the twentieth century, some economists considered that disarmament was a progress following economic development (Veblen) and that war could become obsolete (Pareto). These conceptions were rejected as utopian expressions by Marxist analysis or the German historical school. Economic analyses concern arms race (Richardson), over-armament (Pigou) or the proper management of the end of the war (Keynes) but they still are interested by economic war, systemic conflict between capitalism and socialism or undesirable peace (Galbraith). The United Nations has sought to undertake economic studies o...