Cutis laxa : a comprehensive overview of clinical characteristics and pathophysiology

Cutis laxa (CL) syndromes comprise a rare group of multisystem disorders that share loose redundant skin folds as hallmark clinical feature. CL results from impaired elastic fiber assembly and homeostasis, and the known underlying gene defects affect different extracellular matrix proteins, intracellular trafficking, or cellular metabolism. Due to the underlying clinical and molecular heterogeneity, the diagnostic work-up of CL patients is often challenging. In this review, we provide a practical approach to the broad differential diagnosis of CL syndromes, provide an overview of the molecular pathogenesis of the different subtypes, and suggest general management guidelines