Functionalization of glycidylmethacrylate hierarchically porous polymers

Porozni polimerni materiali so dandanes zelo uporabni materiali na večih področjih ( biomedicina, kromatografski procesi, shranjevanje plinov itd.). Zanje so značilne pore v strukturi in visoke specifične površine. Lahko jih funkcionaliziramo in uporabnost takih materialov še dodatno razširimo. Poroznost v polimernih materialih lahko induciramo na več načinov- uporaba porogenih topil, kristalov soli določene velikosti, polimerizacija kontinuirne faze emulzije z visokim deležem notranje faze idr. Cilj diplomske naloge je bila priprava poli(GMA-ko-EGDMA) polimerov z različno stopnjo zamreženosti ( 5 mol%, 10 mol% , 15 mol% in 20 mol% EGDMA) in več nivojsko poroznostjo. To smo dosegli z uporabo tehnike sintranja PMMA zrn, preko katerih smo prelili emulzijo z visokim deležem notranje faze ( HIP emulzija). PMMA zrna smo odstranili iz nastalega polimera s pomočjo kontinuirne ekstrakcije v Soxhletovem aparatu z etilacetatom. Kot končni produkt smo dobili material s točno določeno hierarhijo poroznosti. Za primerjavo smo sintetizirali tudi poli(GMA-ko-EGDMA) brez sintranih nosilcev. S tem namenom smo si emulzijo zato razdelili na dva dela: enega smo dali v plastični kalup, drugega preko nosilca. Polimere smo na koncu še funkcionalizirali z amini (1,8-DAO in TrisNH2). S pomočjo vrstičnega elektronskega mikroskopa smo analizirali poli(GMA-ko-EGDMA) monolite. PoliHIPE materiali so imeli zaprto celično strukturo. PoliHIPE/PMMA materiali pa so bili odprte celične strukture. Na mestih, kjer so bila tekom sinteze sintrana PMMA zrna, so nastale odprtine oziroma primarne pore, ki so med seboj povezane s povezovalnimi porami. V skeletu materiala smo lahko opazili tudi sekundarne pore. Funkcionalizirane vzorce pa smo analizirali tudi s FTIR spektrometrom in naredili elementno analizo. Rezultati so pokazali, da je bila funkcionalizacija uspešna.Porous polymeric materials nowadays are very useful materials in many areas (biomedicine, chromatographic processes, gas storage, etc.). They are characterized by pores in the structure and a high specific surface that we can functionalize and further expand the usability of such materials. Porosity in polymeric materials can be induced in several ways - the use of porous solvents, salt crystals of a certain size, polymerization of the continuous phase of the emulsion with a high proportion of the internal phase, etc. The goal of this diploma was to prepare poly (GMA-co-EGDMA) polymers with different degrees of crosslinking (5 mol.%, 10 mol.%, 15 mol.% V 20 mol.% EGDMA) and multi-level porosity. This was achieved using the sintering technique of PMMA grains, on top of which an emulsion with a high proportion of internal phase (HIP emulsion) was poured. The PMMA beads were then removed from the resulted polymer by continuous extraction in a Soxhlet apparatus with ethyl acetate. As a final product, we obtained material with a precisely defined hierarchy of porosity. For comparison, poly (GMA-co-EGDMA) without sintered carriers was also synthesized. For this purpose, we therefore divided the emulsion into two parts: one was placed in a plastic mold, the other via a carrier. The polymers were then functionalized with amines (1,8-DAO and TrisNH2). Poly (GMA-co-EGDMA) monoliths were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope. PolyHIPE materials had a closed cell structure. PolyHIPE / PMMA materials, however, had open cell structures. On the parts where PMMA grains were sintered during the synthesis, openings or primary pores were formed, which are interconnected by connecting pores. Secondary pores could also be seen in the skeleton of the material. Functionalized samples were also analyzed with an FTIR spectrometer and elemental analysis was performed. The results showed that the functionalization was successful