Eating disorders among adolescents

Teoretična Izhodišča: Motnje hranjenja so pri mladostnikih še posebej nevarne, saj lahko povzročajo težave v razvoju ali celo prezgodnjo smrt. V zadnjem času so v porastu in prizadenejo najvišjo raven zdravja. Med motnje hranjenja štejemo anoreksijo nervozo, bulimijo nervozo, kompulzivno prenajedanje in druge specifične in nespecifične motnje hranjenja. Izvedli smo sistematičen pregled literature. Raziskovalna metodologija: V zaključnem delu smo uporabili deskriptivno metodo dela. Vključitveni kriteriji pri iskanju literature so bili le polno dostopni članki, generalno ne starejši od 10 let in članki v slovenskem ali angleškem jeziku. Pri iskanju literature smo uporabili podatkovne baze: PubMed, Sage Journals in druge. Rezultati pregleda literature so bili predstavljeni s PRISMO diagramom in opisno predstavljeni. Rezultati: Pojavnost motenj prehranjevanja je med spoloma relativno enaka, vendar je manifestacija med spoloma različna. V večini se anoreksija nervoza pogosteje pojavlja med dekleti, medtem ko se kompulzivno prenajedanje pogosteje pojavlja med fanti. Nastanek motenj hranjenja je posledica različnih okoljskih, socialnih, psiholoških in bioloških dejavnikov. Diskusija in zaključek: Pacienti z motnjami hranjenja se počutijo manjvredne in so nezadovoljni z lastno obliko telesa. Pri motnjah hranjenja se v veliki večini pojavijo tudi dodatne bolezni, ki slabšajo prognozo. Motnje hranjenja so ozdravljive bolezni, vendar potrebujemo resen pristop in obravnavo.Theoretical introduction: Eating disorders are especially dangerous in adolescents, as they can cause developmental problems or even premature death. Eating disorders have been on the rise recently and may affect the highest level of health. Eating disorders include anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating and other specific and nonspecific eating disorders. We preformed a systematic review of literature. Research methodoly: In the final part we used a descriptive method of work. The inclusion criteria in the literature search were only fully accessible articles, generally not older than 10 years and articles in Slovene or English. In searching the literature we used databases: PubMed, SageJournals and others. The results of the literature review were presented with PRISMA and presented descriptively. Results: The incidence of eating disorders is relatively the same between the genders but the manifestation is different between the genders. For the most part anorexia nervosa is more common among girls, while compulsive overeating is more common among boys. The onset of eating disorders is due to various environmental, social, psychological and biological factors. Discussion and conclusion: Patients with eating disorders feel less valuable and are dissatisfied with their own body shape. In the case of eating disorders the vast majority also have additional diseases that worsen the prognosis. Eating disorders are treatable illnesses but we need serious approach and treatment