Frustration Tolerance: A Study of Resilience of Junior High and Elementary School Principals

韌性是教育領導者所應重視的議題，此乃新世紀的校長面對辦學挑戰必須具備克服困難、正向樂觀，並懂得如何尋求支援及支持，且能在挫折中恢復活力。本研究以桃園市、新竹縣、新竹市、苗栗縣所有公立國中及國小學校校長為研究對象，透過統計分析本研究獲得的主要結論如下：1.本研究所建構發展的國民中小學校長韌性量表具有良好的信效度；2.概括而言，國民中小學校長具有頗高的韌性，也就是說國民中小學校長在克服艱難、正向樂觀、資源支持及恢復活力等面向均有良好的表現，其中以正向樂觀表現最佳；3.觀察不同背景在校長韌性的差異情況，整體說來，不同背景變項於校長韌性上並沒有顯之差異，惟年齡愈大的校長韌性顯著高於年齡較輕者，女性校長比男性校長在正向樂觀及資源支持構面上顯著較佳。根據前述的結論發現，本研究提出建議以供教育行政機關、教育領導者及教育人員之參考。Resilience is an issue which all education leaders should emphasis on as the principals of the new century are required to overcome difficulties with positivity and optimism as well as knowing how to search for support and help, in order to restore vitality from frustration. The study objects comprised of all junior high schools and elementary schools in Taoyuan City, Hsinchu County, Hsinchu City, and Miaoli County. The study drew the following conclusions from the statistical analysis: 1. The resilience scale of the junior high and elementary schools under the construction and development of the study contains excellent reliability and validity. 2. In general, the resilience of junior high and elementary schools is considerably high, in other words the junior high and elementary school principals perform well in overcoming difficulties, positivity and optimism, resource support, and vitality restoration. In particular, the principals demonstrate the best performance in positivity and optimism. 3. The observation of the difference in the resilience of principals with different background in general reveals that different background variables do not show significant difference in the resilience of principals. Nonetheless principles with older age shows significantly higher resilience than younger principals and female principals show better significance in the constructs of positivity and optimism and resource support than male principals. The study proposes suggestions from findings in aforementioned conclusion as reference for educational administrative authorities, education leaders, and educators