A study and development of discrimination system for characteristic of rice seed

水稻為我國最重要之糧食作物，其栽培面積為274,677公頃。為維持三級良種繁殖制度之水稻種子純度，縮短品種檢定時間以避免耽誤農時，本研究以種子外觀形態觀察法為基礎，一方面建置水稻種子影像辨識系統，針對臺南11號、臺稉14號、臺中192號、臺稉9號及臺中秈10號等5個品種種子量化其外觀特徵，可有效作為不同品種辨識的外觀特徵包括：長軸、短軸、稃尖底長、稃尖高度、稃尖兩側凹口深度、稃尖尖銳角度、稃尖兩側距離、內外穎寬角度、外穎上邊緣及稃尖顏色等特徵，且有效影像擷取率平均為96.9％，品種辨識準確率平均達88.8％；另一方面進一步探討在水稻種子影像辨識系統所使用的外觀特徵之外，找尋其他可有效區分品種的關鍵性種子外觀特徵，結果顯示可作為水稻種子關鍵性特徵有垂直面直徑、4個形狀參數、護穎之內外穎側長、兩側護穎長比值、兩側護穎所形成角度、龍骨瓣之外穎側弧長、龍骨瓣之內穎側弧長、龍骨瓣之外穎側半徑及龍骨瓣之外穎側角度等共計13個。Rice, which is the major food crop in Taiwan, is cultivated on an average of ca. 274,677 hectares per year. This study was aim to establish a rapid and accurate discrimination system for rice seeds with image processing in order to maintain the quality and purity of rice seeds under seed propagation system as well as reduce the time and manpower for seed variety testing. The inspection system focused on foundation seed image-database of 5 rice varieties including Tainan 11, Taikeng 14, Taichung 192, Taikeng 9, and Taichung sen 10 based on seed morphology. To discriminate those varieties, 10 characteristics including length, width, length of apiculus, height of apiculus, depth of apiculus in lemma side, depth of apiculus in palea side, angle of apiculus, distance of apiculus, angle of lemma and palea, upper edge of lemma and color apiculus were used in this study. Consequently, the valid image capture rate was about 96.9%, and the average rate for accurate discrimination for variety was about 88.8%. In the other side, the key characters of rice seed except those characters in the discrimination system are vertical of Feret diameter, 4 types of shape factor, length of glume in lemma side, length of glume in palea side, the ratio of length in glume, angle of glume, arc length of carina in lemma side, arc length of carina in palea side, radius of carina in lemma side and angle of carina in lemma side.中文摘要 i 英文摘要 ii 目錄 iii 表目錄 iv 圖目錄 v 壹、前言 1 貳、前人研究 5 一、各國水稻良種繁殖制度 5 二、水稻外觀形態遺傳歧異度 8 三、稻種品種檢定 10 (一)外觀檢定 12 (二)分子檢定 18 (三)影像處理技術 20 參、材料與方法 23 一、水稻種子影像辨識系統實用性評估 23 二、關鍵性種子外觀特徵 32 肆、結果 41 一、種子檢查之品種檢定現況 41 二、水稻種子影像辨識系統實用性評估 43 三、關鍵性種子外觀特徵 52 伍、討論 73 陸、參考文獻 8