Development of Lighting Environment and PM2.5 in Greenhouses

本研究希望找出PM2.5與光環境之間的關係，求出照度透過率，以及對溫室內光環境的影響，主要分為模擬實驗與溫室內作物實驗。模擬實驗主要探討PM2.5與光照度之間的關係。溫室內作物實驗主要探討PM2.5在實地溫室中對番茄光環境及其生長的影響。 模擬實驗中，隨PM2.5的濃度增加，低光源的照度值有一定程度的降低。在高PM2.5的濃度下，照度透過率低。 溫室內作物實驗中，在特定時間，溫室內的平均照度，霧霾天比起晴天有顯著的降低，照度透過率也較低。而溫室內外的PM2.5濃度平均值，霧霾天溫室內的PM2.5濃度平均值明顯高於晴天。 作物生長方面，在生長勢的比較上，一周間的伸長量，前兩周補光組略高於對照組，後兩周對照組略高於補光組。莖粗兩組間沒有明顯的差異。下位葉面積補光組之平均值高於對照組。100顆果實總鮮重補光組比對照組多34 g ，其果實平均鮮重多約 0.34 g。The purposes of this study was to find out the relation among PM2.5 and the light environment, illumination transmittance, and the impact on lighting environment in greenhouse. The study included simulation experiment and the tomato experiment in the greenhouse. The aim of the simulation experiment was to find out the relation between PM2.5 and illuminance. Another aim was to find out the effect of PM2.5 on tomato growing and lighting environment in the greenhouse. The results of simulation experiment showed that with the increase of the concentration of the PM2.5 , the illumination of lamp had reducing of a certain degree. And under the high concentration of the PM2.5 , illumination transmittance was low. The results of the comparison between the haze and fog weather and sunny day, the average illumination and illumination transmittance on haze and fog weather was lower than sunny day. And the average concentration of the PM2.5 on haze and fog weather was higher than sunny day. The respect that the crop grows, in the comparison of the growth tendency, the extending amount among one week, the tomato with supplemental lighting (SL) was higher than the without supplemental lighting (SL) in the first two weeks, but the tomato without SL was higher than the with SL in last two weeks. There is no significant difference in stem thick. The average of lower leaf area , the tomato with SL was higher than without SL. In the total fruit fresh weight (100 tomatoes), the tomato with SL was higher than the without SL.摘要 i Abstract ii 目錄 iii 圖目錄 vi 表目錄 viii 第一章 前言 1 1.1研究動機 2 1.2研究目的 2 第二章 文獻探討 3 2.1 細懸浮微粒PM2.5 3 2.1.1 霧霾的定義及組成 3 2.1.2 PM2.5來源 4 2.1.3 空氣品質標準及PM2.5標準 6 2.2 細懸浮微粒PM2.5與光環境 9 2.3 細懸浮微粒PM2.5與作物 10 2.4光環境對植物生長的影響 11 2.4.1 光週期對植物生長發育之影響 11 2.4.2 光量對植物生長之影響 12 2.4.3 光質對植物生長之影響 14 2.5人工光源於溫室的應用 16 第三章 材料與方法 17 3.1 模擬實驗 18 3.2 模擬實驗設備 19 3.2.1 壓克力箱 19 3.2.2 PM2.5感測器 20 3.2.3數位式照度計 21 3.3 模擬實驗步驟 22 3.4 作物實驗 23 3.4.1 植物材料 23 3.4.2 試驗方法與栽培環境 23 3.4.3 生長調查與分析項目 24 3.5 作物實驗硬體設備 25 3.5.1人工光源 25 3.5.2空氣盒子 27 3.5.3 補光控制系統 28 3.6量測設備 35 第四章 結果與討論 37 4.1模擬實驗結果 37 4.2 溫室內PM2.5與照度 40 4.3溫室內特定時間之平均照度與PM2.5的關係 45 4.4冠層光分布 47 4.4作物生長狀況 49 4.4.1生長期 49 4.4.2採收期 52 第五章 結論與建議 53 5.1 結論 53 5.2 建議 54 第六章 參考文獻 5