Recurrent selection of total phenol content in Echinacea purpurea population

紫錐菊(Echinacea spp.)為近年來備受矚目的藥用作物之一，其次級代謝物具有免疫刺激、抗病毒及抗菌等活性。紫錐菊主要的藥理活性成分，分別是類苯基丙烷(phenylpropanoids)、烷醯胺(alkamides)、多醣體(polysaccharides)及醣蛋白(glycoproteins)。類苯基丙烷為酚類(phenolics)化合物，紫錐菊最主要的類苯基丙烷為咖啡酸衍生物(caffeic acid derivatives)，咖啡酸衍生物之含量為評估紫錐菊藥用品質的重要指標。由於紫錐菊為異交作物，其後代具有極大的遺傳變異，可透過混合選拔(mass selection)改善其品質。本試驗以 Echinaceapurpurea 為材料，欲選拔出總酚類化合物含量且生物量高之集團，接續前人混合選拔之高、低總酚類化合物含量集團進行輪迴選拔，並將4 次輪迴選拔世代種植於同時間、環境下進行輪迴選拔效果評估及未來選拔方向。 結果顯示於營養生長期拔除非目標植株並於生殖生長期以細網隔離，可有效逐代改善高總酚類化合物含量集團之葉片總酚類化合物含量，提高其選拔效率。相關分析顯示，葉片總酚類化合物含量與株高、花朵數呈現顯著負相關，故營養生長期葉片總酚類化合物、株高及花朵數同時作為篩選標準，可能無法同時改善集團之總酚類化合物含量及生物量。相對地，花部總酚類化合物含量與株高、花朵數則呈顯著正相關，因此未來可以藉由此三種性狀同步篩選，逐代觀測其選拔效果。Echinacea spp., known as purple coneflower, is one of the most popular medicinal herbs and has been cultivated widely. It's secondary metabolites have the activities of antimicrobial, antivirus and immunostimulatory. The major phytoactive constituents of Echinacea spp. are phenylpropanoids, alkamides, polysaccharides and glycoproteins. Phenylpropanoids classified as phenolic compounds, and the major phenylpropanoids in Echinacea spp. are caffeic acid derivatives. The content of caffeic acid derivatives is one of the quality indicators of Echinacea spp. In cross-pollinated crops like Echinacea spp., both the individual plants of the breeding population and their progeny in the population tend to be heterozygous. Recurrent selection is a straightford selection model that could be applicable for the development and maintenance of Echinacea spp. seed lines. In order to improve the quality of Echinacea spp. with high total phenolics content, 4 cycles of offspring are generated from mass selection and the selection efficiency were assessed. The result demonstrates that it's effective to promote selection efficiency of high total phenolics population by roguing of low-phenolics individuals during vegetative stage and introducing pollination barrier during reproductive stage. Correlation analysis revealed that leaf total phenolics content was negatively correlated with plant height and floret number, but total phenolics content in floret showed positive correlation with plant height and floret number. Floret total phenolics content could be used as a screening indexes for improving quality and biomass of Echinacea spp. in the future.中文摘要…………i 英文摘要…………ii 目錄…………iii 表目錄…………iv 圖目錄…………vi 前言…………1 前人研究…………3 一、 紫錐菊背景與利用…………3 二、 紫錐菊活性成分…………4 三、 影響紫錐菊活性成分含量之因子…………8 四、 輪迴選拔於作物改良之應用…………12 五、 本研究室紫錐菊研究成果及本試驗研究目標…………14 材料與方法…………16 結果…………20 一、 2012 年 Echinacea purpurea C3 世代之選拔…………20 二、2013 年 Echinacea purpurea C4 世代之選拔…………30 三、2014 年 Echinacea purpurea 4 個輪迴世代混合選拔效果之比 較及 C5 世代之選拔…………39 討論…………60 參考文獻…………6