Historical Materialism:Engels's Unique Contribution and Historical Effect

张有奎，厦门大学马克思主义学院暨福建省高校人文社会科学研究基地马克思主义基础理论研究中心教授、博士生导师；林雅玲，厦门大学马克思主义学院博士研究生。【中文摘要】唯物史观反对思想观念统治现实生活世界的神话学，乃是“唯一正确的世界观”，构成马克思主义的理论基石。恩格斯在唯物史观的创立、捍卫、深化和传播方面有独特贡献，是当之无愧的“第二小提琴手”。这种贡献具体体现在三个方面:一是他独立地走近唯物史观，影响了马克思的思想形成，并与马克思共同阐明了唯物史观的基本立场、观点和方法;二是他在论战中捍卫、 在捍卫中深化唯物史观，深入阐发唯物史观的科学性，反对经济决定论和教条主义等形形色色的误解;三是他在唯物史观方面的理论遗产深刻影响了苏俄马克思主义、西方马克思主义和中国化马克思主义的形成和发展，影响了第二国际之后的国际共产主义运动。 【Abstract】Historical materialism opposes the mythology which holds that ideological concepts rule the real-life world. It is “the only correct worldview” and constitutes the theoretical cornerstone of Marxism. Engels has a unique contribution in the creation，defense，deepening and dissemination of historical materialism，and his reputation as “the second violinist”is well-deserved.His contribution is embodied in three aspects: Firstly，he independently approached the historical materialism which influenced the formation of Marx's thoughts，and worked with Marx to clarify the basic position，viewpoint and method of historical materialism. Secondly，he defended and deepened historical materialism in the controversy，elaborated on the scientific nature of historical materialism，and dispelled various misunderstandings about historical materialism， such as economic determinism and dogmatism. Thirdly，his theoretical heritage in historical materialism had a profound impact on the formation and development of Soviet-Russian Marxism，Western Marxism and Sinicized Marxism，which in turn influenced the international communist movement after the Second International.国家社会科学基金项目“资本逻辑与马克思主义科学观研究”（18BZX007