Rethinking the Andes–Amazonia Divide: A cross-disciplinary exploration

Nowhere on Earth is there an ecological transformation so swift and so extreme as between the snow-line of the high Andes and the tropical rainforest of Amazonia. The different disciplines that research the human past in South America have long tended to treat these two great subzones of the continent as self-contained enough to be taken independently of each other. Objections have repeatedly been raised, however, to warn against imagining too sharp a divide between the people and societies of the Andes and Amazonia, when there are also clear indications of significant connections and transitions between them. Rethinking the Andes–Amazonia Divide brings together archaeologists, linguists, geneticists, anthropologists, ethnohistorians and historians to explore both correlations and contrasts in how the various disciplines see the relationship between the Andes and Amazonia, from deepest prehistory up to the European colonial period. The volume emerges from an innovative programme of conferences and symposia conceived explicitly to foster awareness, discussion and co-operation across the divides between disciplines. Underway since 2008, this programme has already yielded major publications on the Andean past, including History and Language in the Andes (2011) and Archaeology and Language in the Andes (2012).Introduction: Why Andes-Amazonia? Why Cross-Disciplinary? / Adrian J. Pearce, David Beresford-Jones, and Paul Heggarty Section 1: Crossing Frontiers: Perspectives from the Various Disciplines 1.1 Archaeology / David Beresford-Jones and Eduardo Machicado Murillo 1.2 Linguistics / Paul Heggarty 1.3 Genetics /Lars Fehren-Schmitz 1.4 Anthropology / Alf Hornborg 1.5 The Andes-Amazonia Culture Area / Tom Zuidema Section 2: Deep Time and the Long Chronological Perspective 2.1 Initial East and West Connections across South America / Tom Dillehay 2.2 The Andes-Amazonia Divide and Human Morphological Diversification in South America / André Strauss 2.3 Deep Time and First Settlement: What, If Anything, Can Linguistics Tell Us? / Paul Heggarty 2.4 Early Social Complexity in Northern Peru and its Amazonian Connections / Peter Kaulicke 2.5 Changing Andes-Amazonia Dynamics: El Chuncho Meets El Inca at the End of the Marañón Corridor / Alexander Herrera Wassilowsky Section 3: Overall Patterns – and Alternative Models 3.1 How Real is the Andes-Amazonia Divide? An Archaeological View from the Eastern Piedmont / Darryl Wilkinson 3.2 Genetic Diversity Patterns in the Andes and Amazonia / Fabrício Santos 3.3 Genetic Exchanges in the Highland /Lowland Transitional Environments of South America / Chiara Barbieri 3.4 Broad-Scale Patterns Across the Languages of the Andes and Amazonia / Paul Heggarty 3.5 Highland-Lowland Relations: A Linguistic View / Rik van Gijn and Pieter Muysken 3.6 Rethinking the Role of Agriculture and Language Expansion for Ancient Amazonians / Eduardo Góes Neves 3.7 The Pacific Coast and Andean Highlands/Amazonia / Tom Dillehay, Brian McCray, and Patricia J. Netherly Section 4: Regional Case Studies from the Altiplano and Southern Upper Amazonia 4.1 Linguistic Connections between the Altiplano Region and the Amazonian Lowlands / Willem Adelaar 4.2 Hypothesised Language Relationships across the Andes-Amazonia Divide: The Cases of Uro, Pano-Takana and Mosetén / Roberto Zariquiey 4.3 The Andes as Seen From Mojos / Heiko Prümers 4.4 The Archaeological Significance of Shell Middens in the Llanos de Moxos: Between the Andes and Amazonia / Umberto Lombardo and José M. Capriles Section 5: Age of Empires: Inca and Spanish Colonial Perspectives 5.1 The Amazonian Indians as Viewed by Three Andean Chroniclers / Vera Tyuleneva 5.2 The Place of Antisuyu in the Discourse of Guamán Poma de Ayala / Cristiana Bertazoni 5.3 Colonial Coda: The Andes-Amazonia Frontier under Spanish Rule / Adrian J. Pearce 5.4 A Case Study in Andes-Amazonia Relations under Colonial Rule: The Juan Santos Atahualpa Rebellion (1742–1752) / Adrian J. Pearce Conclusion: The Andes-Amazonia Divide: Myth and Reality / Adrian J. Pearce, David Beresford-Jones, and Paul Heggarty Bibliography Inde