Ceria nanoparticles deposited on graphene nanosheets for adsorption of copper(II) and lead(II) ions and of anionic species of arsenic and selenium

A nanocomposite prepared from graphene nanosheets and cerium nanoparticles (G/CeO) was applied to the extraction of Se(IV), As(V), As(III), Cu(II) and Pb(II). The structure of G/CeO was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The optimal pH values for extraction are 4.0 for As(V), 3.0 for Se(IV), and 6.0 for both Cu(II) and Pb(II). The maximum adsorption capacity of G/CeO (expressed as mg·g) were calculated by the Langmuir model and are found to be 8.4 for As(V), 14.1 for Se(IV), 50.0 for Cu(II) and 75.6 for Pb(II). The sorbent was applied to dispersive solid phase microextraction prior to direct quantitation by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry without the need for prior elution. The limits of detection (in ng·mL units) are 0.10 for As(V), 0.11 for Se(IV), 0.19 for Cu(II) and 0.21 for Pb(II). The precisions (RSDs) are